本文選題：壓濾式電解槽　切入點(diǎn)：槽壓　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著化石燃料的不斷消耗,人類正面臨能源危機(jī)以及環(huán)境危機(jī)。氫能因其高效、清潔、環(huán)保等特點(diǎn)而受到廣泛關(guān)注。堿性水電解水制氫是實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模制氫的主要方法之一,目前存在的主要問題是能耗高,因此降低電解槽的能耗具有重要的意義。壓濾式電解槽具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、操作簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于水電解制氫。本文從電極、隔膜以及電解槽結(jié)構(gòu)的角度研究了電解槽槽壓的影響因素。 研究了預(yù)極化時(shí)間對電極的極化電位的影響,陽極預(yù)極化70mmin后,極化曲線趨于穩(wěn)定,陰極預(yù)極化90min后,陰極極化曲線趨于穩(wěn)定。應(yīng)用穩(wěn)態(tài)極化曲線法研究了不同電極在30%KOH溶液中的析氫和析氧行為,發(fā)現(xiàn)泡沫鎳合金電極具有較好的電催化活性。研究了電極對小室槽壓的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)絲網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的鎳電極與泡沫結(jié)構(gòu)的鎳電極具有較大的比表面積,使得電極表面真實(shí)的電流密度降低。與絲網(wǎng)鎳相比,泡沫鎳結(jié)構(gòu)與Raney結(jié)構(gòu)具有更高的比表面積,使得具有泡沫鎳結(jié)構(gòu)與Raney鎳結(jié)構(gòu)的電極槽壓低。研究了電極孔數(shù)對槽壓的影響,泡沫鎳電極平均槽壓隨著孔數(shù)(ppi)的增大而升高,對于絲網(wǎng)鎳電極來說,小室的槽壓隨著目數(shù)的提高而降低。采用不同基體的泡沫鎳制備鎳鉬合金與鎳鈷合金,通過測試小室槽壓,發(fā)現(xiàn)泡沫鎳基體對合金有重要影響,通過EDS測試發(fā)現(xiàn),基體為ppi90、面密度420g/m2的泡沫鎳的鎳鈷合金中鈷含量最高,鈷含量主要影響電極的析氧性能,鉆含量越高,Co/Ni比越接近2,經(jīng)過氧化之后Ni-Co表面越接近尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu),析氧性能越好。隨著溫度的升高,合金電極的反應(yīng)活性升高,小室的槽壓降低。 通過研究石棉隔膜、聚苯硫醚隔膜以及聚烯烴隔膜對槽壓的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)聚苯硫醚隔膜具有較高的吸堿率以及較低的隔膜電阻,對離子的阻力較小,因而由隔膜以及溶液引起的歐姆降就小,槽壓低。聚苯硫醚改性隔膜的厚度越小,小室的槽壓就越低；隔膜厚度越小,電阻越小,對離子的電阻越小,槽壓也越低。 研究了電解液流量對槽壓的影響,小室的槽壓隨著電解液流量的增加而降低。研究了電解槽結(jié)構(gòu)對槽壓的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)極框的正面為小室的陰極時(shí),小室的槽壓最低。當(dāng)鋼圈孔徑變大后,泡沫鎳電極的槽壓增大,而斜紋網(wǎng)鎳電極的槽壓減小。在電極與隔膜為零間隙時(shí),當(dāng)主極板作為連接件時(shí)小室的槽壓較低,可以通過將絲網(wǎng)鎳和泡沫鎳焊接到平板鎳上,從而取代主極板,降低制作工藝成本。通過增大陰極面積以及焊接電極可以增大電極與主極板之間的接觸面積,降低接觸電阻和小室的槽壓。在電流密度3000A/m2,4000A/m2下,陰極面積增大后槽壓分別降低了30mV和24mV。在電流密度為4000A/m2時(shí),噴涂網(wǎng)焊接電極比不焊接的電極時(shí)的小室槽壓低74mV,而平紋網(wǎng)鎳電極焊接電極比不焊接電極的槽壓低79mV。
[Abstract]:With the continuous consumption of fossil fuels, human beings are facing energy crisis and environmental crisis. Hydrogen energy is widely concerned because of its high efficiency, cleanliness and environmental protection. Alkaline water electrolysis is one of the main methods to produce hydrogen on a large scale. At present, the main problem is high energy consumption, so it is of great significance to reduce the energy consumption of electrolytic cell. The pressure-filter electrolyzer has the advantages of compact structure and simple operation, so it is widely used in the production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. The influence factors of cell voltage are studied from the angle of diaphragm and electrolytic cell structure. The effect of prepolarization time on the polarization potential of the electrode is studied. After anodic prepolarization 70mmin, the polarization curve tends to be stable, and after cathode prepolarization 90min, the polarization curve tends to be stable. The cathodic polarization curves tended to be stable. The hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution behavior of different electrodes in 30%KOH solution were studied by using the steady-state polarization curve method. It was found that the foamed nickel alloy electrode had good electrocatalytic activity, and the effect of electrode on the cell cell pressure was studied. It was found that the nickel electrode with the wire mesh structure and the nickel electrode with the foam structure had a larger specific surface area, which reduced the real current density of the electrode surface. Compared with the nickel mesh structure, the nickel foam structure and the Raney structure had a higher specific surface area. The effect of the number of holes on the cell pressure is studied. The average cell pressure of nickel foam electrode increases with the increase of the number of holes. The tank pressure of the cell decreases with the increase of mesh number. Nickel molybdenum alloy and nickel cobalt alloy are prepared from different matrix nickel foam. By measuring the chamber trough pressure, it is found that the foam nickel matrix has an important influence on the alloy. The results of EDS test show that the nickel foam matrix has an important effect on the alloy. The nickel cobalt alloy with surface density 420g/m2 has the highest cobalt content, and the cobalt content mainly affects the oxygen evolution performance of the electrode. The higher the drilling content is, the closer the ratio of Co / Ni is to 2, and the closer the surface of Ni-Co is to the spinel structure after oxidation. The better the oxygen evolution is, the higher the reaction activity of the alloy electrode is and the lower the tank pressure is with the increase of temperature. By studying the influence of asbestos membrane, polyphenylene sulfide membrane and polyolefin membrane on tank pressure, it was found that the membrane had higher alkali absorption rate and lower membrane resistance, and the resistance to ions was lower. As a result, the ohmic drop caused by the diaphragm and the solution is small and the trough pressure is lower as the thickness of the modified membrane is smaller, and the thickness of the diaphragm is smaller, the resistance is smaller, the resistance to ions is smaller, and the cell pressure is lower. The effect of electrolyte flow rate on the cell pressure is studied. The cell pressure decreases with the increase of electrolyte flow rate. The effect of the cell structure on the cell pressure is studied, and it is found that the front of the pole frame is the cathode of the cell. The trough pressure of the chamber is the lowest. When the aperture of the steel ring increases, the groove pressure of the foamed nickel electrode increases, while the groove pressure of the twill net nickel electrode decreases. When the gap between the electrode and the diaphragm is zero, the trough pressure of the chamber is lower when the main pole plate is used as the connector. Wire mesh nickel and foamed nickel can be welded to plate nickel, thereby replacing the main electrode plate and reducing the process cost. By increasing the cathode area and the welding electrode, the contact area between the electrode and the main electrode can be increased. At the current density of 3000A / m ~ 2 ~ 4000A / m ~ 2, when the cathode area increases, the cell voltage decreases by 30mV and 24mV, respectively, when the current density is 4000A/m2, The welding electrode of sprayed mesh is lower than that of non-welded electrode by 74mV, while the welding electrode of flat mesh nickel electrode is lower than that of non-welded electrode by 79mV.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ116.21

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李華飛;張喜生;;電沉積制備Fe-Cr-Ni泡沫合金工藝研究[J];材料保護(hù);2007年11期

2 張軻;劉述麗;劉明明;張洪波;魯捷;曹中秋;張輝;;氫能的研究進(jìn)展[J];材料導(dǎo)報(bào);2011年09期

3 李丙運(yùn),戎利建,李依依,V.E.Gjunter;生物醫(yī)用多孔Ti-Ni形狀記憶合金的[J];材料研究學(xué)報(bào);2000年06期

4 陳文革,張強(qiáng);泡沫金屬的特點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用、制備與發(fā)展[J];粉末冶金工業(yè);2005年02期

5 彭富兵;焦曉寧;;隔膜法制氫電解槽用新型隔膜的研制及其應(yīng)用[J];紡織學(xué)報(bào);2008年12期

6 彭富兵;焦曉寧;;隔膜法堿水制氫電解槽用隔膜的發(fā)展概況[J];非織造布;2008年06期

7 胡偉康，張?jiān)适�，宋德瑛，汪�?堿性電解水制氫的活性陰極材料[J];高技術(shù)通訊;1995年08期

8 羅北平;龔竹青;任碧野;楊余芳;陳夢君;;高析氫催化活性和穩(wěn)定性的納米晶Ni-Fe-Mo-Co合金[J];功能材料;2006年06期

9 郭瑞松,楊德安,陳玉如,朱企新,許莉;金屬支撐平板陶瓷膜制備與性能[J];硅酸鹽通報(bào);1999年05期

10 徐斐;何定兵;胥義;;綠藻光合生物制氫技術(shù)進(jìn)展[J];工業(yè)微生物;2007年04期

，

本文編號：1691157