本文選題：熱壓法　切入點(diǎn)：質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今環(huán)境問題特別是大氣污染越來越得到人們的關(guān)注，對社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展影響也愈來愈大。氫能源因其環(huán)境友好性被公認(rèn)為將取代石化能源從而支撐全球經(jīng)濟(jì)，氫氣的生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存以及使用共同構(gòu)成氫經(jīng)濟(jì)的市場體系。燃料電池作為氫能源產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的最后一環(huán)，也是技術(shù)最為關(guān)鍵的一項(xiàng)，目前在世界各國科學(xué)家的共同努力下，燃料電池已經(jīng)進(jìn)入技術(shù)驗(yàn)證后期，商業(yè)化的前期。質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池作為低溫燃料電池的一種，清潔且能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率高從而被認(rèn)為是未來車用動(dòng)力的最佳選擇。豐田、本田、日產(chǎn)和現(xiàn)代等車企都紛紛發(fā)布了自己的燃料電池汽車，并提出在未來1~5年內(nèi)量產(chǎn)，2015年也被行業(yè)內(nèi)同行稱為氫燃料電池汽車元年。 但質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池的成本過高還不能滿足燃料電池汽車商業(yè)化普及的需求，其中很大一部分的原因是因?yàn)槠浯呋瘎⿲t的依賴，而Pt的儲(chǔ)量不能滿足億級的世界汽車保有量，因此催化層必須做到無Pt或者低Pt，目前新型膜電極采用納米線/棒制備技術(shù)制備有序化膜電極。而有序化膜電極利用納米技術(shù)優(yōu)化膜電極中的催化層結(jié)構(gòu)即多相物質(zhì)傳輸通道，降低Pt載量，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)成本和性能的提升，這正是目前世界各國高校及研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究重點(diǎn)。 催化層的有序化可以從優(yōu)化物質(zhì)傳輸通道考慮，例如電子傳導(dǎo)的有序化可以通過載體材料的有序化或催化劑材料的有序化來實(shí)現(xiàn)，而質(zhì)子傳導(dǎo)的有序化可以通過質(zhì)子導(dǎo)體材料的有序化來實(shí)現(xiàn)，這些納米線陣材料應(yīng)用到PEMFC催化層中時(shí)，都可以同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)氣體和水傳輸通道的有序化。故而第三代膜電極按照材料類型分為載體材料有序化膜電極、催化劑材料有序化膜電極以及質(zhì)子導(dǎo)體有序化膜電極。 本研究課題方向就是探索可控制備Nafion納米線陣有序化膜電極的制備工藝，經(jīng)過大量嘗試后，，發(fā)現(xiàn)以AAO為模板的熱壓法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在Nafion膜表面原位生長Nafion納米線陣。對熱壓工藝中的模板的預(yù)處理、熱壓溫度、壓強(qiáng)、熱壓時(shí)間等因素的分析，研究出一套科學(xué)的生長Nafion納米線陣的方法。對原位生長出來的Nafion納米線陣形貌、成分以及物化性能等進(jìn)行表征分析，并解釋Nafion納米線陣的生長機(jī)理。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：（1）在Nafion玻璃化溫度以上，采用熱壓法和模板法結(jié)合的工藝可以可控制備Nafion納米線陣；（2）在經(jīng)過對Nafion納米線陣成分和基團(tuán)等信息的研究分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)該工藝原位生長出的Nafion納米線陣與原Nafion211膜成分和基團(tuán)等信息一致，并未發(fā)生變化；（3）通過失水率實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)Nafion納米線陣有蓄水自增濕的性能。 在展望部分，對后續(xù)Nafion納米線陣制備新型有序化膜電極課題的整體研究思路進(jìn)行了規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to environmental problems, especially air pollution, and their impact on social and economic development is also increasing. Hydrogen energy, because of its environmental friendliness, is recognized as a substitute for fossil energy and thus supports the global economy and hydrogen production. Transportation, storage and use of the market system that together make up the hydrogen economy. Fuel cells, as the last link in the hydrogen energy industry chain, are also the most crucial technology, and are now under the joint efforts of scientists from all over the world. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), as a kind of low temperature fuel cell, is clean and energy conversion efficiency, so it is considered the best choice of future vehicle power. Both Nissan and Hyundai have launched their own fuel cell vehicles, offering to mass produce within the next 1 to 5 years, and are also called the first year of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles by their peers in 2015. But the proton exchange membrane fuel cell costs are too high to meet the commercial popularity of fuel cell vehicles, in large part because of its dependence on Pt for its catalysts. And the Pt reserves are not enough to meet the billion class of world car holdings, Therefore, the catalytic layer must be Pt free or low Pt.The novel membrane electrode uses nanowire / rod preparation technology to prepare the ordered membrane electrode, and the ordered membrane electrode uses nanotechnology to optimize the structure of the catalyst layer in the membrane electrode, that is, the multiphase mass transfer channel. Reducing Pt load to improve cost and performance is the research focus of universities and research institutions all over the world. The ordering of the catalytic layer can be considered from the optimization of the material transport channel, for example, the ordering of the electron conduction can be achieved through the ordering of the carrier material or the ordering of the catalyst material. The ordering of proton conduction can be achieved through the ordering of proton conductor materials, which are used in the PEMFC catalytic layer. Therefore, the third generation membrane electrode can be divided into carrier material ordered membrane electrode, catalyst material ordered membrane electrode and proton conductor ordered membrane electrode according to the material type. The research direction of this research is to explore the preparation process of controllable preparation of Nafion nanowire ordered film electrode, after a large number of attempts, It is found that Nafion nanowire array can be grown on the surface of Nafion film by hot-pressing method using AAO as template. The pretreatment of template, hot pressing temperature, pressure, hot pressing time and other factors in hot pressing process are analyzed. A set of scientific methods for the growth of Nafion nanowires were developed. The morphology, composition and physicochemical properties of Nafion nanowires grown in situ were characterized and analyzed, and the growth mechanism of Nafion nanowires was explained. It is found that Nafion nanowire array can be prepared by the combination of hot pressing and template method above the glass transition temperature of Nafion.) after studying and analyzing the composition and group information of Nafion nanowire array, It is found that the in-situ growth of Nafion nanowire array is consistent with that of the original Nafion211 film composition and group, and no change has taken place. The water loss rate experiment shows that the Nafion nanowire array has the property of water storage and self-humidification. In the part of prospect, the whole research idea of preparation of new ordered membrane electrode by Nafion nanowire array is planned.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM911.4;TB383.1

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