本文選題：燃料電池　切入點：超級電容　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 隨著環(huán)境污染,能源短缺等全球性問題日益突出,減少排放,發(fā)展新能源技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為21世紀科技發(fā)展的重要議題。其中,燃料電池以其高能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率、零排放、低噪聲等優(yōu)點成為眾多發(fā)電、動力設(shè)備的首選裝置。 燃料電池是一種電化學(xué)的發(fā)電裝置,該裝置將儲存在燃料和氧化劑中的化學(xué)能,按電化學(xué)原理轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。因為燃料電池中不存在熱機過程,在其反應(yīng)過程當(dāng)中不會產(chǎn)生任何污染。所以燃料電池作為一種利用新能源的載體,在航天、電動汽車、艦船、潛艇、中小型移動電源、分布式電站中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 本論文在新加坡淡馬錫理工學(xué)院清潔能源中心(Clean Energy Center, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore)與新加坡電信公司(SingTel)合作的項目——通信設(shè)備燃料電池備用電源的基礎(chǔ)上,研究燃料電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng),初步設(shè)計了一套5kW燃料電池分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。通過在MATLAB/SIMULINK環(huán)境下仿真分析,該系統(tǒng)能夠輸出可靠穩(wěn)定的工頻交流電壓,滿足負載需求。 由于質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池具有啟動時間長,動態(tài)響應(yīng)速度慢等缺點。在發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中引入超級電容作為能量緩沖單元。該裝置能夠在燃料電池啟動和負載快速變化時,快速釋放或吸收能量,優(yōu)化整個系統(tǒng)能量的分配與流動,不僅能提高整個系統(tǒng)輸出的可靠性與穩(wěn)定性,而且能夠穩(wěn)定燃料電池的輸出,減小燃料電池質(zhì)子交換膜中的擾動電流,達到保護燃料電池質(zhì)子交換膜的目的。本論文在MATLAB/SIMULINK環(huán)境下,根據(jù)電化學(xué)原理、電力電子學(xué)原理分別建立了燃料電池,超級電容,DC/DC變換器,DC/AC逆變器的動態(tài)模型,仿真分析了整個系統(tǒng)的輸出特性,從理論上驗證了該系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電可靠性。 燃料電池的燃料進氣量會直接影響其輸出表現(xiàn),為實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化燃料電池的燃料進氣量的控制,超級電容充放電電流的控制,以及逆變器逆變電壓的控制等,在本課題中采用了多種控制方法相結(jié)合的方式。其中,燃料電池的控制采用了模糊控制器,優(yōu)化燃料電池的輸出特性,大大降低了燃料電池的動態(tài)響應(yīng)時間。對超級電容充放電電流的控制,主要采用模糊控制和PI相結(jié)合的方式,超級電容充放電電流的大小由模糊控制器根據(jù)控制策略決定,而PI控制器主要用于調(diào)節(jié)超級電容雙向DC/DC的輸出。對于逆變器,采用PI調(diào)節(jié)的方式實現(xiàn)。 為驗證整個系統(tǒng)的實用性,本論文從系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的角度出發(fā),設(shè)計了燃料電池控制、超級電容控制、數(shù)據(jù)顯示以及能量控制管理等功能模塊。以各個功能模塊為單位,設(shè)計了通信設(shè)備燃料電池備用電源的硬件,經(jīng)系統(tǒng)測試,其輸出的直流電壓穩(wěn)定,功率可調(diào),能夠滿足通信設(shè)備負載的電能供應(yīng)要求。
[Abstract]:With environmental pollution, energy shortage and other global problems becoming increasingly prominent, reducing emissions, developing new energy technologies has become an important issue in the development of science and technology in the 21st century. Among them, fuel cells have high energy conversion efficiency and zero emissions. Low noise and other advantages have become the first choice for power generation and power equipment. Fuel cells are electrochemical power generation devices that convert the chemical energy stored in fuels and oxidants into electrical energy on an electrochemical basis because there is no thermal process in the fuel cells. As a carrier of new energy, fuel cells have been widely used in aerospace, electric vehicles, ships, submarines, small and medium-sized mobile power sources and distributed power stations. Based on the project of Clean Energy Center, Temasek Polytechnic Center (Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore) and SingTel, Singapore Telecom, this paper studies fuel cell generation system based on fuel cell reserve power supply for communication equipment. A 5kW fuel cell distributed power generation system is designed preliminarily. By simulation and analysis under MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, the system can output reliable and stable power frequency AC voltage and meet the load requirements. Because the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has the disadvantages of long start-up time and slow dynamic response, the super capacitor is introduced as the energy buffer unit in the power generation system. The device can be used when the fuel cell starts up and the load changes rapidly. Rapidly releasing or absorbing energy and optimizing the energy distribution and flow of the whole system can not only improve the reliability and stability of the output of the whole system, but also stabilize the output of the fuel cell and reduce the disturbance current in the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell. In this paper, the dynamic models of fuel cell, super capacitor DC / DC converter and DC / AC inverter are established in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, according to electrochemical principle and power electronics principle. The output characteristics of the whole system are simulated and analyzed, and the reliability of the system is verified theoretically. The fuel intake of fuel cell will directly affect its output performance. In order to optimize the fuel intake control of fuel cell, the control of supercapacitor charge / discharge current and inverter voltage, etc. In this paper, a variety of control methods are adopted. Among them, the fuzzy controller is used to control the fuel cell, and the output characteristics of the fuel cell are optimized. The dynamic response time of the fuel cell is greatly reduced. In the control of the charge / discharge current of super capacitor, the combination of fuzzy control and Pi is mainly used. The magnitude of the charge / discharge current of super capacitor is determined by the fuzzy controller according to the control strategy. Pi controller is mainly used to adjust the output of super capacitor bidirectional DC/DC. In order to verify the practicability of the whole system, this paper designs the function modules of fuel cell control, super capacitor control, data display and energy control management from the point of view of system design. The hardware of the backup power supply for fuel cell of communication equipment is designed. The system tests show that the output DC voltage is stable and the power is adjustable, which can meet the demand of power supply of the communication equipment load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：TM911.4

【引證文獻】

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2 任夢;田作華;;基于Mega 64的燃料電池控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計[J];實驗室研究與探索;2012年07期

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本文編號：1649495