本文選題：油頁巖渣　切入點：全固廢　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國是石油消耗大國,但自身儲量有限,大部分依靠進口。油頁巖作為一種非常規(guī)油氣資源,不僅可以用于提煉頁巖油還可以燃燒發(fā)電,是一種很好的替代資源。近幾年國家加大了對油頁巖的開發(fā)利用,同時產(chǎn)生了大量的油頁巖廢渣,這些廢渣的二次利用率較低,絕大部分進行就地堆積,不僅占用了土地資源還對當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴重的破壞。本文以油頁巖渣為主要原料,加入電石渣和添加劑,利用高溫熔融法制備全固廢微晶玻璃,不僅能夠解決油頁巖渣和電石渣環(huán)保問題,還具有良好的社會和經(jīng)濟效益。本文研究油頁巖渣全固廢綠色微晶玻璃的制備,要求原料100%為固體廢棄物,制備過程節(jié)能環(huán)保不產(chǎn)生二次污染。本實驗通過基礎(chǔ)玻璃的DTA曲線來確定油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的熱處理制度;利用XRD觀察微晶玻璃試樣的晶相組成;利用SEM觀察微晶玻璃試樣的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),最后測試樣品的抗折強度、密度、耐腐蝕性和顯微硬度。實驗結(jié)果表明:油頁巖渣含量為75%、電石渣含量為15%、添加劑含量10%的3#配比微晶玻璃樣品具有最好的性能,得到的油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的主晶相為普通輝石和綠輝石相,次晶相為霓石和透輝石。在配方研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用正交實驗法對油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的熱處理制度進行了實驗研究,結(jié)果表明:適合3#配比油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的最佳熱處理制度為核化溫度785℃、核化時間120min、晶化溫度935℃、晶化時間90min。熱處理制度各因素對油頁巖渣微晶玻璃性能影響的主次順序為:核化溫度晶化時間核化時間晶化溫度。隨著核化溫度的升高或者晶化時間的延長,微晶玻璃試樣的性能呈先升高后降低的趨勢。核化溫度主要影響形核過程,控制晶粒數(shù)量;晶化時間主要影響晶粒長大過程,控制晶粒尺寸。不合理的核化溫度和晶化時間會導(dǎo)致油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的析晶不完整和缺陷,降低微晶玻璃的性能。本文通過研究得出:最佳熱處理制度下油頁巖渣微晶玻璃的抗折強度為182.7MPa,顯微硬度為895MPa,在酸溶液中的質(zhì)量損失率為0.16%,在堿溶液中的質(zhì)量損失率為0.18%,達到或超過建筑裝飾用微晶玻璃板材的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:China is a large oil consuming country, but its reserves are limited, and most of its reserves depend on imports. As an unconventional oil and gas resource, oil shale can be used not only to refine shale oil but also to burn and generate electricity. It is a good alternative resource. In recent years, the state has increased the development and utilization of oil shale, and at the same time produced a large amount of oil shale waste residue. The secondary utilization ratio of these wastes is relatively low, and most of them are accumulated locally. It not only occupies the land resources, but also causes serious damage to the local ecological environment. In this paper, oil shale slag is used as the main raw material, calcium carbide slag and additives are added to prepare the solid waste glass-ceramics by high temperature melting method. It can not only solve the environmental protection problems of oil shale slag and carbide slag, but also have good social and economic benefits. In this paper, the preparation of green glass-ceramics with solid waste of oil shale slag is studied, which requires 100% of raw material to be solid waste. In this experiment, the heat treatment process of oil shale slag glass-ceramics was determined by the DTA curve of the base glass, and the crystal phase composition of the glass-ceramics sample was observed by XRD. The microstructure of glass-ceramics samples was observed by SEM, and the flexural strength and density of the samples were tested. Corrosion resistance and microhardness. The experimental results show that: the oil shale slag content is 75%, carbide slag content is 15%, additive content is 10%, the proportion of glass-ceramics sample has the best performance, the content of oil shale slag is 75%, calcium carbide slag content is 15%, additive content is 10%. The main crystalline phases of the obtained glass-ceramics are ordinary pyroxene and omphacite, while the secondary phase is aegirite and diopside. Based on the study of the formula, the heat treatment process of oil shale slag glass-ceramics was studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the optimum heat treatment conditions are as follows: nucleation temperature 785 鈩，

本文編號：1648879