本文選題：變徑塔　切入點：變壓精餾　出處：《青島科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文采用變徑塔研究變壓精餾與萃取精餾兩種精餾方式分離丙酮-氯仿、丙酮-甲醇、甲醇-氯仿、苯-環(huán)己烷及異丙醇-二異丙醚五種常見共沸體系的工藝過程�？疾煳宸N共沸體系的精餾分離工藝,建立變徑塔費用模型,基于最小年度總費用(TAC)采用序貫迭代法分別進行優(yōu)化得到五個共沸體系變壓精餾與萃取精餾最優(yōu)工藝流程。計算每個體系采用變徑塔后費用節(jié)省情況。從經(jīng)濟性角度分析,變壓精餾比萃取精餾更適合采用變徑塔。對于每種體系,變壓精餾費用節(jié)省百分比均大于萃取精餾。研究甲醇-氯仿體系無熱集成、部分熱集成和完全熱集成方式采用變徑塔的變壓精餾工藝并計算TAC。經(jīng)濟性上三種熱集成方式TAC最小的為完全熱集成工藝,采用變徑塔后費用節(jié)省情況分別為:無熱集成10.36%,部分熱集成10.36%,完全熱集成15.73%�？煽匦苑矫�,以普通的無熱集成工藝和經(jīng)濟性最好的完全熱集成工藝為例做了研究。采用變徑塔后的完全熱集成工藝,其動態(tài)控制難度與無熱集成工藝動態(tài)可控性難度基本一致,通過添加常用的控制結(jié)構(gòu)均可實現(xiàn)有效的控制。探索了丙酮-甲醇體系變壓與萃取兩種精餾方式采用變徑塔后的動態(tài)特性。變壓精餾工藝通過改進控制結(jié)構(gòu)最終可對±20%的進料流率和進料組成擾動進行穩(wěn)健的控制;萃取精餾工藝控制結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)定有一個相對復(fù)雜的過程,最終控制結(jié)構(gòu)能處理±10%進料流率與進料組成擾動。從可控性角度,采用變徑塔后變壓精餾工藝可控性相對較好,更適合采用變徑塔。本文首次從經(jīng)濟性與動態(tài)特性兩方面探索研究采用變徑塔分離共沸物的精餾工藝,總結(jié)了采用變徑塔的變壓精餾與萃取精餾的一般規(guī)律,對此類特殊精餾塔分離工藝的方案設(shè)計及生產(chǎn)投資評估具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the separation of acetone-chloroform, acetone-methanol, methanol-chloroform by pressure swing distillation and extractive distillation with variable diameter column was studied. The technological process of benzene-cyclohexane and isopropanol-diisopropyl ether azeotropic systems were studied. The distillation and separation processes of five azeotropic systems were investigated and the cost model of variable diameter column was established. Based on the minimum annual total cost (TAC), five azeotropic systems were optimized by sequential iteration method to obtain the optimal process flow of pressure variable distillation and extraction distillation. The cost saving of each system was calculated after adopting the variable diameter column, and analyzed from the economic point of view. The variable-diameter column is more suitable for variable-pressure distillation than extractive distillation. For each system, the cost saving percentage of variable-pressure distillation is greater than that of extractive distillation. No thermal integration of methanol-chloroform system is studied. Partial thermal integration and complete thermal integration are performed by variable pressure distillation process of variable diameter tower and calculation of TAC.The minimum of the three thermal integration modes TAC in economy is full thermal integration process. The cost savings after adopting the variable diameter tower are as follows: heat free integration 10.36, partial thermal integration 10.36, complete heat integration 15.73. controllability, Taking the common heat free integrated process and the best economical complete thermal integration process as an example, the dynamic control difficulty of the complete thermal integration process after adopting the variable diameter tower is basically the same as the dynamic controllability difficulty of the heat free integration process. Effective control can be achieved by adding common control structures. The dynamic characteristics of acetone-methanol system with variable pressure distillation and extraction with variable diameter column are explored. The variable pressure distillation process finally improves the control structure. The 鹵20% feed flow rate and feed composition disturbance can be controlled stably. The setting of control structure of extractive distillation process has a relatively complex process, and the final control structure can deal with the disturbance of 鹵10% feed flow rate and feed composition. From the point of view of controllability, the controllability of variable pressure distillation process after variable diameter column is relatively good. In this paper, the process of separating azeotrope with variable diameter column is studied for the first time from two aspects of economic and dynamic characteristics, and the general rules of variable pressure distillation and extractive distillation with variable diameter column are summarized. It is of guiding significance for the scheme design and production investment evaluation of this kind of special distillation column separation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ028.31

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