本文選題：摩擦學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：納米摩擦學(xué)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鈉鈣玻璃基于其優(yōu)異的光學(xué)、機(jī)械和化學(xué)等性能,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑、太陽能和超精密制造等領(lǐng)域。在鈉鈣玻璃的精密加工中,典型的精密拋光(如化學(xué)機(jī)械拋光)過程涉及玻璃表面復(fù)雜的機(jī)械化學(xué)去除問題。此外,風(fēng)化磨損問題使得鈉鈣玻璃太陽能基板服役壽命僅為預(yù)期的30%,磨損問題使得建筑用鈉鈣玻璃表面服役壽命也僅為預(yù)期的30%。然而,目前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于鈉鈣玻璃表面磨損機(jī)理的研究較為缺乏。因此,為了全面深入理解鈉鈣玻璃磨損的行為與機(jī)理,亟需開展鈉鈣玻璃表面機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損規(guī)律及機(jī)理等方面的研究。相關(guān)研究成果不僅有助于理解和調(diào)控鈉鈣玻璃表面在精密拋光過程中的去除行為,改善其在建筑和太陽能等領(lǐng)域服役過程中的抗磨損性能,而且有助于豐富微觀摩擦學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)理論體系。本文主要針對鈉鈣玻璃表面損傷和材料去除的機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損問題,首先借助宏觀磨損設(shè)備,開展了Na+析出及其與H3O+的離子交換作用、對磨副表面活性對鈉鈣玻璃表面材料去除影響機(jī)制的研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上,借助原子力顯微鏡,揭示了鈉鈣玻璃表面材料在微觀條件下的機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損的行為與機(jī)理。最后,基于上述理論研究結(jié)果,借助熱電場處理對鈉鈣玻璃表面Na+濃度分布的調(diào)控,開展了表面Na+濃度改變對鈉鈣玻璃摩擦學(xué)性能影響規(guī)律的研究。本論文通過系統(tǒng)地研究鈉鈣玻璃表面機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損的行為與機(jī)理,得出的主要結(jié)論和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下：(1)闡明了Na+析出及其與H30+的離子交換作用對鈉鈣玻璃表面材料去除的影響機(jī)制。在濕空氣中,鈉鈣玻璃表面的摩擦化學(xué)磨損隨著濕度的增加而減小。通過對比其他成分玻璃表面的磨損規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn),無析出性Na+的玻璃(熔融石英玻璃、AF45玻璃和BF33玻璃)基底的摩擦化學(xué)磨損隨環(huán)境濕度的增加而增大。通過鈉鈣玻璃在不同H30+含量環(huán)境中的磨損規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn),在濕空氣中,鈉鈣玻璃表面的磨損隨著濕度的增加而逐漸減小,在液下,鈉鈣玻璃表面的磨損隨著pH值的減小而減小。分析表明,鈉鈣玻璃表面在高濕度下磨損量的減小,主要?dú)w因于表面Na+析出及其與環(huán)境中的H30+發(fā)生離子交換造成了其表面壓應(yīng)力的提高。(2)揭示了對磨副表面活性對鈉鈣玻璃表面機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損的影響規(guī)律和作用機(jī)制。在干燥環(huán)境中,鈉鈣玻璃界面的磨損以機(jī)械磨損為主,并且會對鈉鈣玻璃基底造成深且粗糙的磨痕。然而,在潮濕空氣中,比鈉鈣玻璃硬度高的對磨副材料出現(xiàn)了磨損行為,而玻璃基底的損傷卻比較輕微,表明對磨副材料與鈉鈣玻璃的磨損以機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損為主。進(jìn)一步的研究表明,對磨副表面活性對鈉鈣玻璃的磨損有很大影響。當(dāng)對磨副與鈉鈣玻璃的化學(xué)性質(zhì)接近時,更容易誘發(fā)鈉鈣玻璃表面Na+析出及其與H30+的離子交換反應(yīng),從而使得玻璃表面出現(xiàn)較為劇烈的摩擦化學(xué)磨損。(3)闡明了鈉鈣玻璃在微觀條件下的機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損的行為與機(jī)理,并建立了鈉鈣玻璃微觀磨損與宏觀磨損的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。通過調(diào)控環(huán)境濕度、載荷和對磨副等實(shí)驗工況,分別實(shí)現(xiàn)了鈉鈣玻璃在微觀條件下的機(jī)械磨損、應(yīng)力腐蝕磨損和摩擦化學(xué)磨損。當(dāng)鈉鈣玻璃與化學(xué)惰性的金剛石探針在惰性氣氛(真空)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行微觀磨損實(shí)驗時,鈉鈣玻璃的磨損以機(jī)械磨損為主,鈉鈣玻璃在低載下的損傷形式為凸起,隨著載荷的增加,表面的損傷形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闇喜邸．?dāng)鈉鈣玻璃與化學(xué)惰性的金剛石探針在活性氣氛(大氣)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行微觀磨損實(shí)驗時,鈉鈣玻璃的磨損以應(yīng)力腐蝕為主。當(dāng)鈉鈣玻璃與化學(xué)活性的二氧化硅探針在大氣環(huán)境下進(jìn)行微觀磨損實(shí)驗時,鈉鈣玻璃的磨損以摩擦化學(xué)磨損為主,損傷特征為溝槽的形成。鈉鈣玻璃微觀磨損與宏觀磨損結(jié)果不同,不僅與宏觀磨損中的多點(diǎn)接觸模式有關(guān),而且與界面磨屑的作用也密切相關(guān)。(4)提出了通過改變鈉鈣玻璃表層Na+濃度分布來調(diào)控其表面摩擦學(xué)性能的新方法。經(jīng)過熱電場處理后,鈉鈣玻璃的陽極和陰極表面分別形成了Na+缺失和Na+梯度增加的表面層。當(dāng)鈉鈣玻璃表層Na+的濃度降低時,表面的納米硬度和彈性模量降低,抗納米劃痕性能也降低,在潮濕空氣中的摩擦化學(xué)磨損隨著濕度的增加而增大。當(dāng)鈉鈣玻璃表層Na+的濃度形成梯度增加時,表面的納米硬度、彈性模量和抗納米劃痕性能有輕微的增加,在潮濕空氣下的化學(xué)磨損能進(jìn)一步被抑制。綜上所述,本論文系統(tǒng)的開展了鈉鈣玻璃表面機(jī)械化學(xué)磨損的行為與機(jī)理研究,相關(guān)研究成果不僅可為延長鈉鈣玻璃的服役壽命和可靠性以及揭示材料微觀去除機(jī)理提供理論依據(jù)和科學(xué)指導(dǎo),而且有助于補(bǔ)充和完善納米摩擦學(xué)和微納制造的基礎(chǔ)理論體系。
[Abstract]:Sodium calcium glass based on its excellent optical, mechanical and chemical properties, has been widely used in building, solar energy and other fields. In the ultra precision manufacturing precision machining of sodium calcium glass, precision polishing typical (such as chemical mechanical polishing process involves mechanical chemical) glass surface complex removal. In addition, weathering the wear problem of sodium calcium glass substrate solar service life of only 30% of expected, the wear problem makes the building with sodium calcium glass surface service life is only expected 30%. however, at home and abroad about the lack of researches on surface wear mechanism of sodium calcium glass. Therefore, in order to fully understand the sodium calcium glass wear behavior and Mechanism Study on sodium calcium glass surface mechanical, chemical wear regularity and mechanism etc.. An urgent need to carry out related research results not only helps to understand and control the sodium calcium glass surface in precision polishing process The removal behavior, improve the service wear resistance in the process of building and solar energy and other fields, but also helps to enrich the theoretical system of micro tribology foundation. This paper is mainly for chemical mechanical abrasion of the surface damage and removal of sodium calcium glass material, by means of macro wear equipment, carry out and precipitation of Na+ ion and H3O+ the exchange, on the surface side of grinding active sodium calcium glass surface material removal mechanism. On this basis, using atomic force microscopy, sodium calcium glass surface materials in the micro conditions of mechanical chemical wear behavior and mechanism was revealed. Finally, the theoretical research based on the results of using thermoelectric field on sodium calcium glass surface Na+ concentration distribution regulation, carry out the surface Na+ concentration change study the influence on the tribological properties of sodium calcium glass. This paper through the systematic research of sodium The surface mechanical wear calcium glass chemical behavior and mechanism, the main conclusions and innovations are as follows: (1) the precipitation of Na+ and H30+ and ion exchange interaction effects on the mechanism of removal of sodium calcium glass surface material. In wet air, sodium calcium glass surface friction chemical wear decreases with the increase of humidity by contrast to other components. The wear rule of the glass surface, no precipitation of Na+ glass (fused quartz glass, AF45 glass and BF33 glass) chemical base friction and wear with humidity increasing. The sodium calcium glass wear rule in the environment of different H30+ content in found in wet air, wear sodium calcium glass surface as the humidity increases and decreases gradually in the liquid, wear sodium calcium glass surface decreases with the decrease of pH value. The analysis shows that the sodium calcium glass surface under high humidity wear quantity reduction Small, mainly due to the precipitation of Na+ surface and the environment in the H30+ ion exchange caused the surface compressive stress increased. (2) revealed on the active surface of the grinding side law and mechanism of effect of sodium calcium glass surface mechanical chemical wear. In the dry environment, wear sodium calcium glass interface the mechanical wear, and the wear scar will cause deep and rough on the sodium calcium glass substrate. However, in the humid air, than the sodium calcium glass high hardness of the friction pair materials appeared wear behavior and glass substrate damage is relatively minor, according to Deputy wear materials and sodium calcium glass to the chemical mechanical wear. Further research shows, have great impact on the activity of grinding surface sodium calcium glass wear. When close to the chemical properties of the friction pair and sodium calcium glass, easier ion induced surface Na+ sodium calcium glass precipitation and H30+ Exchange reaction, so that the glass surface friction and wear chemical more intense. (3) the sodium calcium glass in the micro conditions of chemical mechanical wear behavior and mechanism, and the establishment of internal connection of sodium calcium glass micro wear and macro wear. Through the regulation of environmental humidity, and the load of the friction pair test working conditions are realized in the micro mechanical wear sodium calcium glass under the condition of stress corrosion, wear and chemical wear friction. When the sodium calcium glass and chemically inert diamond probe in an inert atmosphere (vacuum) under the environment of micro wear test, the wear sodium calcium glass to mechanical wear and damage form of sodium calcium glass under low load is raised, with the increase of load, damage of the surface form into the slot. When the sodium calcium glass and chemically inert diamond probe in the active atmosphere (atmospheric) under the environment of micro wear test When wear sodium calcium glass to stress corrosion. When the silica probe sodium calcium glass and chemical activity of micro wear test under atmospheric environment, wear sodium calcium glass with tribochemical wear, damage characteristics of trench formation. Sodium calcium glass micro and macro wear wear different results, not only with the multi point contact mode macro wear, it is also closely related to the interface of debris. (4) proposed a new method by changing the sodium calcium glass surface Na+ concentration to control the surface tribological properties of thermoelectric field. After processing, the anode and the cathode surface sodium calcium glass were formed on the surface deletion of Na+ and Na+ layer increased. When the concentration gradient of sodium calcium glass surface of Na+ is reduced, reducing the surface nano hardness and elastic modulus, anti nano scratch performance also decreases, friction in the moist air, wear With increasing humidity increased. When the concentration of sodium calcium glass surface Na+ gradient increases, the surface hardness, elastic modulus and resistance properties of nano scratch with a slight increase in the humid air under chemical erosion can be further suppressed. In summary, this thesis carried out the research of surface mechanical behavior and mechanism of sodium calcium glass chemical wear, relevant research results can not only prolong the service life and reliability of the sodium calcium glass material and reveal the microscopic removal mechanism and provide a theoretical basis and scientific guidance, and help to supplement and improve the nano tribology theory and micro nano manufacturing system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ171.1

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本文編號：1592097