本文關(guān)鍵詞： 稀土電解槽 氣體 碳顆粒 運動軌跡　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：稀土作為新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展必需的關(guān)鍵性戰(zhàn)略資源，廣泛應(yīng)用于電子、航空、環(huán)境保護(hù)、新能源汽車、風(fēng)力發(fā)電，特別是清潔能源生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域。最近幾年國內(nèi)的稀土金屬產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展越來越快，制取稀土金屬的工藝技術(shù)熔鹽電解法也得到了很快的發(fā)展。目前普遍使用的稀土電解槽為3kA上插式的稀土氟化物—氧化物體系電解槽，，因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，工藝純熟，適合大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)點，得到業(yè)界的青睞。近年來，通過實驗和數(shù)值模擬的手段，對3kA稀土電解槽的結(jié)構(gòu)和電解工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，極大的提高了電解效率和稀土金屬的純度；但是，對上插式電解槽還有些尚未解決的問題，比如在電解過程中，電解槽內(nèi)會產(chǎn)生懸浮的碳顆粒，這些碳顆粒會致使電解槽內(nèi)的電壓降升高，影響溶液的導(dǎo)電率，縮短電解槽的使用壽命等。 本課題主要是針對電解槽內(nèi)電解過程出現(xiàn)的碳顆粒，采用FLUENT模擬軟件，對流體采用歐拉方法進(jìn)行處理，對碳顆粒運動軌跡采用拉格朗日法進(jìn)行處理，模擬出不同粒徑下碳顆粒的運動情況。氣體在電解過程中起到一個很重要的作用，它可以促使熔鹽進(jìn)行流動，對碳顆粒的運動也起到間接的推動作用。通過不同條件下的模擬，可以對實際生產(chǎn)過程中的雜質(zhì)進(jìn)行比較有方向性的去除，對生產(chǎn)效率也有相應(yīng)程度的提高。具體工作及結(jié)果如下： （1）在前人模擬電解槽的基礎(chǔ)上，采用3kA最優(yōu)模型，先用歐拉法模擬出熔體流場分布，再通過拉格朗日法模擬出不同粒徑下的顆粒運動情況，對比各個不同粒徑的顆粒的運動情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)粒徑越大運動的幅度越大。 （2）通過改變電解槽的槽型結(jié)構(gòu)如電極插入深度，來模擬出顆粒的運動情況。發(fā)現(xiàn)電極插入深度越大，對顆粒運動的影響越小，顆粒運動偏離陽極的距離變小，但是電極插入深度過大，影響電解的正常進(jìn)行。 （3）改變電解槽陰陽兩極的極間距，得到不同粒徑的顆粒的運動情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)極間距對碳顆粒運動的影響不大。陽極內(nèi)徑相同時，顆粒的粒徑越大，偏離陽極內(nèi)表面的距離就越大。 （4）改變電解的電流強度大小，發(fā)現(xiàn)顆粒運動遠(yuǎn)離陽極內(nèi)表面的距離幅度不是很大，但是在電流強度比較大時，顆粒運動的相對遠(yuǎn)一些。顆粒的粒徑越大，在液面的位置越遠(yuǎn)離陽極內(nèi)表面。
[Abstract]:As a key strategic resource necessary for the development of new industries, rare earths are widely used in electronics, aviation, environmental protection, new energy vehicles, wind power generation, Especially in the field of clean energy production. In recent years, the rare earth metal industry in China has developed more and more rapidly. The technology of preparing rare earth metals by molten salt electrolysis has also been developed rapidly. At present, the commonly used rare earth electrolytes are 3kA type electrolytes of rare earth fluoride oxide system, because of its simple structure and perfect process. In recent years, by means of experiment and numerical simulation, the structure and process of 3Ka rare earth electrolysis cell are optimized, which greatly improves the electrolysis efficiency and the purity of rare earth metal. However, there are still some unsolved problems in the uppercut electrolyzer. For example, in the process of electrolysis, suspended carbon particles will be produced in the cell, which will cause the voltage drop in the cell to rise and affect the conductivity of the solution. Shorten the service life of electrolytic cell, etc. This paper mainly aims at the carbon particles in the electrolysis process in the electrolytic cell, adopts the FLUENT simulation software, uses the Euler method to deal with the fluid, and the Lagrangian method to deal with the moving track of the carbon particles. Gas plays a very important role in electrolysis, which can promote the flow of molten salt and indirectly promote the movement of carbon particles. The impurity in the actual production process can be removed in a more directional way, and the production efficiency can also be improved to a corresponding extent. The specific work and results are as follows:. 1) on the basis of previous simulation of electrolytic cell, using 3kA optimal model, the melt flow field distribution is simulated by Euler method, and then the particle movement under different particle size is simulated by Lagrange method. The larger the particle size is, the larger the movement is. (2) the movement of particles is simulated by changing the cell structure such as electrode insertion depth. It is found that the greater the electrode insertion depth, the smaller the effect on particle motion, and the smaller the distance from the anode to the particle motion. However, the electrode insertion depth is too large, affecting the normal process of electrolysis. 3) changing the polar distance between the anode and the anode of the electrolytic cell, the movement of the particles with different diameters is obtained. It is found that the distance from the inner surface of the anode increases with the increase of the diameter of the particles when the anode inner diameter is the same. 4) by changing the current intensity of electrolysis, it is found that the distance between the particles moving away from the inner surface of the anode is not very large, but when the current intensity is relatively high, the particle motion is relatively far away. The larger the particle size, the larger the particle size. The position of the liquid level is farther away from the inner surface of the anode.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ151;TQ133.3

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