本文關鍵詞： AlOOH 水熱法 可控形貌 吸附　出處：《陜西科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,氧化鋁(Al2O3)及其前驅體納米材料,因其具有納米效應、低熔點、比表面積巨大、化學和熱力學性能穩(wěn)定、以及成本低廉等優(yōu)點而被廣泛應用于催化劑、催化劑載體、吸附劑、功能材料、光電材料以及醫(yī)用材料等復合材料領域。因此,人們采用各種方法控制氧化鋁及其前驅體的形貌、粒徑大小和尺寸分布,以期制備出同時具有各種優(yōu)異性能的催化劑及吸附劑材料。(1)以十八水合硫酸鋁、尿素、十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)和酒石酸鈉作為原料,采用傳統(tǒng)水熱法成功制備出高結晶度、粒徑均勻、形貌均一的花狀γ-Al OOH,并推測其花狀結構形成的可能機理。同時,研究了原料的添加量對產物形貌及結晶性的影響,為制備球狀的氧化鋁前驅體奠定基礎。室溫下,通過測定其對甲基橙的吸附性能來評估所制備的粉體對于水體污染物的吸附能力。(2)研究表明,通過改變酒石酸鈉添加量可以制備出高結晶度的球狀氧化鋁前驅體,并推測其球狀結構形成的可能機理。經過一系列的對比實驗,確定出了制備球狀氧化鋁前驅體的最佳原料添加量,這就為制備空心的球狀氧化鋁前驅體奠定基礎。并且測定了其對甲基橙的吸附性能,結果表明,所制備的球狀γ-Al OOH的吸附能力高于花狀γ-Al OOH。(3)選用檸檬酸鈉作為新的模板劑成功制備出了空心球狀氧化鋁前驅體。通過一系列的對比實驗,我們得出制備空心球狀氧化鋁前驅體的最佳原料添加量以及最佳的水熱溫度,并推測出其空心結構形成的可能機理。最后測定了其對甲基橙的吸附性能,因其特殊的空心結構和較大的表面積,這種空心球狀結構的氧化鋁前驅體在作為催化劑載體方面必將擁有更為廣闊的前景。(4)以九水合硝酸鋁、尿素以及聚乙二醇2000(PEG 2000)作為原料,采用傳統(tǒng)水熱的方法成功制備出高結晶度的棒狀氧化鋁前驅體,并推測其棒狀結構形成的可能機理。研究了PEG 2000的含量對樣品形貌等的影響,確定出制備棒狀氧化鋁前驅體的最佳添加量,并且測定了其對于污染物的吸附能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, alumina (Al _ 2O _ 3) and its precursor nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysts and supports due to their advantages of nanometer effect, low melting point, large specific surface area, stable chemical and thermodynamic properties, and low cost. In the field of composite materials, such as adsorbent, functional materials, optoelectronic materials and medical materials, people use various methods to control the morphology, particle size and size distribution of alumina and its precursors. With a view to preparing catalysts and adsorbent materials with various excellent properties at the same time, high crystallinity was successfully prepared with 18 aluminum sulfate hydrate, urea, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium tartrate as raw materials by traditional hydrothermal method. The formation mechanism of the flower-like structure of 緯 -Al OOH with uniform particle size and uniform morphology was deduced. At the same time, the effect of the amount of raw material on the morphology and crystallinity of the product was studied, which laid the foundation for the preparation of spherical alumina precursor at room temperature. The adsorption capacity of the prepared powder to water pollutants was evaluated by measuring its adsorption capacity for methyl orange. The results showed that the spherical alumina precursor with high crystallinity could be prepared by changing the amount of sodium tartrate. Through a series of comparative experiments, the optimum amount of raw material for preparing spherical alumina precursor was determined. This lays the foundation for the preparation of hollow spherical alumina precursors, and the adsorption properties for methyl orange are determined. The adsorption ability of spherical 緯 -Al OOH was higher than that of flower-like 緯 -Al OOH.f3) the hollow spherical alumina precursor was successfully prepared by using sodium citrate as a new template. A series of comparative experiments were carried out. The optimum amount of raw material and the optimum hydrothermal temperature for preparing hollow spherical alumina precursor were obtained, and the possible mechanism of the formation of hollow structure was inferred. Finally, the adsorption properties of the hollow alumina precursor to methyl orange were determined. Because of its special hollow structure and large surface area, the alumina precursor with hollow spherical structure will have a wider prospect as catalyst carrier. It will use aluminum nitrate, urea and polyethylene glycol 2000PEG2000 as raw materials. The rod-like alumina precursor with high crystallinity was successfully prepared by the traditional hydrothermal method, and the possible mechanism of the rod-like structure formation was inferred. The effect of the content of PEG 2000 on the morphology of the sample was studied. The optimum addition amount of rod-like alumina precursor was determined and its adsorption capacity to pollutants was determined.
【學位授予單位】：陜西科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ133.1;TB383.1

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