本文關(guān)鍵詞： P507 酒石酸 分配比 分離系數(shù) 萃取容量　出處：《天津大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：稀土行業(yè)的發(fā)展愈來愈快,其應用也變得日趨廣泛,稀土元素已成為各國的重要戰(zhàn)略資源。分離稀土元素的方法種類繁多,如今我國工業(yè)分離高純單一的稀土元素的方法有很多,絕大多數(shù)采用皂化的P204或P507等酸性磷萃取劑分離稀土元素,該方法雖然萃取性能好,但有一個明顯的弊端就是會產(chǎn)生大量的氨氮廢水,對環(huán)境污染較為嚴重。針對此缺點,本論文通過研究在有機萃取劑P507中加入一種名為酒石酸的配合劑,研究了在該體系下的三個重要參數(shù)分配比、分離系數(shù)、萃取飽和容量與酸度、酒石酸濃度和稀土濃度之間的相互關(guān)系,并與不含酒石酸的P507—鹽酸體系的分離效果進行對比,最后研究了該體系下輕稀土從有機相到水相的反萃過程。本文采用單級萃取實驗,研究了在不同的稀土濃度、酸度和酒石酸濃度條件下,該體系四種輕稀土元素的分配比、分離系數(shù)和萃取飽和容量的變化情況。主要結(jié)論如下:當料液酸度PH值控制在1.0、酒石酸濃度和稀土濃度均為0.25mol/L、萃取劑濃度為1.5mol/L時,分配比以及分離系數(shù)達到最大,分別達到DLa=0.1966、DCe=0.7781、DPr=1.6215和DNd=2.4899,βCe/La=4.08、βPr/ce=1.98和βNd/Pr=1.62;并且隨著酒石酸濃度的升高,P507萃取四種輕稀土的飽和容量也逐漸增大,可以達到29.7g/L,比單一鹽酸體系提高約50%。最后做了稀土的反萃實驗,串級反萃模擬實驗結(jié)果表明,當反萃鹽酸濃度5mol/L,在相比O/A=2:1下,經(jīng)過5級反萃后,稀土的反萃率可達到98%以上,并且出口稀土濃度較大,出口酸度較低,負載有機相中殘留的酸量較小,約為0.8mol/L,反萃效果好。P507—HCI—酒石酸體系無需皂化過程,工藝簡單,萃取效果較好、分離系數(shù)高、反萃容易。由于該萃取體系不需要加入皂化劑,可大大降低氨氮廢水的產(chǎn)生,同時節(jié)約了成本,是一項頗具特色的稀土萃取分離工藝。
[Abstract]:The rare earth industry is developing more and more rapidly, and its application is becoming more and more extensive. Rare earth elements have become an important strategic resource in various countries. There are many methods of separating rare earth elements. Nowadays, there are many industrial methods for separating high purity and single rare earth elements in our country, most of them are separated by saponification acid phosphorus extractants such as P204 or P507, although this method has good extraction performance. However, there is an obvious drawback that a large amount of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater will be produced, which will cause serious environmental pollution. In view of this shortcoming, this paper studied the addition of a complex agent called tartaric acid to the organic extractant P507. The relationship between the distribution ratio of three important parameters, separation coefficient, extraction saturation capacity and acidity, tartaric acid concentration and rare earth concentration in this system was studied, and the results were compared with those of P507-hydrochloric acid system without tartaric acid. Finally, the stripping process of light rare earth from organic phase to water phase in this system was studied. The distribution ratio of four light rare earth elements in this system was studied under different rare earth concentration, acidity and tartaric acid concentration by single stage extraction experiment. The main conclusions are as follows: when the pH value of feed liquid is 1.0, the concentration of tartaric acid and rare earth is 0.25 mol / L, and the concentration of extractant is 1.5 mol / L, the distribution ratio and separation coefficient reach the maximum when the pH value of feed solution is 1.0, the concentration of tartaric acid and rare earth is 0.25 mol / L, and the concentration of extractant is 1.5 mol / L. The saturated capacity of four kinds of light rare earths was gradually increased with the increase of tartaric acid concentration, and the saturation capacity of four kinds of light rare earths was gradually increased, reaching 29.7 g / L, which was about 500.5% higher than that of the single hydrochloric acid system. Finally, the extraction capacity of 尾 Pr/ce=1.98 and 尾 NdR was 4.08, 尾 Pr/ce=1.98 and 尾 Ndrr 1.62with the increase of the concentration of tartaric acid, and the saturation capacity of the four kinds of light rare earths was gradually increased to 29.7 g / L, which was about 50g / L higher than that of the single hydrochloric acid system, with the increase of the concentration of tartaric acid. The simulation results of cascade stripping experiments show that when the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 5 mol / L, when compared with O / A 2: 1, the stripping rate of rare earth can reach more than 98%, and the export concentration of rare earth is higher and the export acidity is lower than that of O / A (2: 1). The residual acid content in the loaded organic phase is about 0.8 mol / L, the stripping effect is good. P507-HCI- tartaric acid system does not need saponification process, the process is simple, the extraction effect is better, the separation coefficient is high, the stripping is easy, because the extraction system does not need to add saponification agent, It can greatly reduce the production of ammonia nitrogen wastewater and save the cost. It is a characteristic rare earth extraction and separation process.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ133.3;TQ028.32

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