【摘要】：海水入侵是指在自然或者人為因素的影響下,濱海地帶含水層水動(dòng)力條件發(fā)生改變,破壞了淡水與海水之間的平衡狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致海水或者高礦化度的地下咸水沿含水層向內(nèi)陸方向侵入的過(guò)程和現(xiàn)象。北長(zhǎng)山島地處山東半島以北,孤懸于渤海之中,受海浪和潮流作用明顯,加之近年來(lái)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駥?duì)地下水使用不合理,使得該地區(qū)受海水入侵災(zāi)害的影響越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。本文采用2012年6月至2013年12月定期水質(zhì)野外調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)北長(zhǎng)山島地區(qū)地下水Cl-濃度、礦化度、水位分布情況進(jìn)行分析,研究該地區(qū)海水入侵的分布范圍及動(dòng)態(tài)變化趨勢(shì),開(kāi)展北長(zhǎng)山島海水入侵現(xiàn)狀及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)。(1)選取Cl-濃度及礦化度作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),利用Arc GIS9.3軟件的空間分析功能評(píng)價(jià)了北長(zhǎng)山島地區(qū)進(jìn)行海水入侵災(zāi)害。北長(zhǎng)山島海水入侵的方式以“面狀”入侵為主,潛水層海水入侵面積2.13 km2,占整個(gè)海島面積17%,其中嚴(yán)重入侵面積為0.04 km2。北長(zhǎng)山島承壓水層海水入侵面積2.48 km2,占整個(gè)海島面積19%,全部為嚴(yán)重入侵。(2)北長(zhǎng)山島由于地理位置特殊,第四紀(jì)地層單一,綜合分析北長(zhǎng)山島海水入侵的影響因素認(rèn)為:對(duì)北長(zhǎng)山島海水入侵起重要作用的因素包括降水量以及地下水開(kāi)采量,降雨量的增多和地下水開(kāi)采量的減少都能降低海水入侵的影響。(3)本文對(duì)北長(zhǎng)山島進(jìn)行海水入侵的綜合調(diào)查,研究分析了其海水入侵成災(zāi)條件和危害程度,對(duì)該地區(qū)海水入侵現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)并對(duì)海水入侵趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析預(yù)測(cè)。為該地區(qū)防治海水入侵災(zāi)害及地下水資源開(kāi)發(fā)和管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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圖片說(shuō)明：北長(zhǎng)山島海水入侵特征及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)研究技術(shù)路線圖
[Abstract]:Seawater invasion refers to the process and phenomenon that the hydrodynamic conditions of aquifers in coastal areas change under the influence of natural or human factors, which destroy the balance between fresh water and seawater, and lead to the invasion of seawater or underground saltwater water along the inland direction of aquifers. North Changshan Island is located in the north of Shandong Peninsula, hanging alone in the Bohai Sea, which is obviously affected by waves and tidal current. In addition, the unreasonable use of groundwater by the local people in recent years makes the area more and more seriously affected by seawater invasion disaster. Based on the regular field survey data of water quality from June 2012 to December 2013, this paper analyzes the Cl- concentration, salinity and water level distribution of groundwater in North Changshan Island, studies the distribution range and dynamic changing trend of seawater intrusion in this area, and carries out the present situation and risk assessment of seawater intrusion in North Changshan Island. (1) the concentration and salinity of Cl- are selected as the evaluation indexes. The spatial analysis function of Arc GIS9.3 software is used to evaluate the seawater intrusion disaster in North Changshan Island area. The main way of seawater intrusion in North Changshan Island is "surface" invasion. The seawater intrusion area of diving layer accounts for 17% of the total island area, of which the serious invasion area is 0.004 km2.. The seawater intrusion area of the confined water layer of North Changshan Island accounts for 19% of the total island area, all of which are serious intrusions. (2) because of the special geographical location of North Changshan Island, the Quaternary strata are single. The comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of North Changshan Island seawater invasion shows that the factors that play an important role in the seawater invasion of North Changshan Island include precipitation and groundwater exploitation. The increase of rainfall and the decrease of groundwater exploitation can reduce the influence of seawater invasion. (3) in this paper, the comprehensive investigation of seawater invasion in North Changshan Island is carried out, the disaster conditions and harm degree of seawater invasion are studied and analyzed, the present situation of seawater invasion in this area is evaluated, and the trend of seawater invasion is analyzed and predicted. It provides scientific basis for the prevention and control of seawater invasion disaster and the development and management of groundwater resources in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P731.2

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