【摘要】：由于石油在形成的過(guò)程中會(huì)受到硫活度、氧化還原電位和pH等各種外部條件的影響,不同產(chǎn)地油的鎳釩比值都存在著較大的差異。微量金屬鎳、釩主要以有機(jī)螯合物的形式存在于石油中,其鎳釩比值具有較強(qiáng)的抗風(fēng)化性,因此,研究石油中微量金屬鎳、釩的特性對(duì)海上溢油鑒別具有重大意義。目前,海上溢油以鑒別單一油種為主要工作,而對(duì)不同油種的混油研究甚少。因此,本文對(duì)原油與燃料油混油的鎳、釩特性進(jìn)行研究,以期為海上溢油提供一種技術(shù)支撐。本研究以國(guó)內(nèi)外兩種原油(中東科威特原油、大慶原油)及船用燃料油作為研究對(duì)象,采用坩堝灰化法對(duì)三種油樣進(jìn)行前處理,用石墨爐-原子吸收法測(cè)定油樣中的鎳、釩含量,并計(jì)算出鎳釩比值。然后分別用燃料油與科威特原油及大慶原油按一定比例進(jìn)行混合,研究不同混合比例對(duì)混油鎳、釩特性的影響,并根據(jù)鎳、釩特性對(duì)混油系統(tǒng)聚類(lèi)分析。再對(duì)不同比例的混油進(jìn)行每期時(shí)長(zhǎng)30天的兩期海上模擬風(fēng)化實(shí)驗(yàn),研究風(fēng)化對(duì)混油鎳釩特性的影響。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析和討論得到以下結(jié)論：1.混油比例對(duì)鎳釩特性的影響混合油樣的鎳釩比值隨著鎳釩比值大的那種單油所占比重的增加而呈現(xiàn)遞增趨勢(shì)。混油中某種單油所占的比重較大時(shí),這些混油的鎳釩特性相似,容易聚為一類(lèi)。對(duì)燃料油和原油的顯著性差異進(jìn)行了t檢驗(yàn),燃料油和大慶原油的鎳釩比顯著相關(guān),而和科威特原油則顯著差異,這意味著實(shí)驗(yàn)所用的燃料油是由大慶原油煉制而成的。2.風(fēng)化對(duì)混油鎳釩特性的影響在風(fēng)化的過(guò)程中,燃料油-科威特、燃料油-大慶兩種混油的鎳釩比值變化不大,表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗風(fēng)化能力。雖然油樣之間的聚類(lèi)情況有變動(dòng),但是仍具有某種單油所占比重較大的混合原油容易聚為一類(lèi)的特點(diǎn),這一特點(diǎn)并不受風(fēng)化條件的影響。
[Abstract]:Because of the influence of sulfur activity, redox potential, pH and other external conditions in the process of formation, there is a large difference in the ratio of nickel to nickel in different producing areas. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of trace metal and nickel in oil. At present, the oil spill at sea is used to identify single oil species as the main work, and the mixed oil of different oil species is very low. Therefore, this paper studies the characteristics of the nickel and sulfur in the mixed oil of the crude oil and the fuel oil, in order to provide a technical support for the oil spill at sea. In this study, two kinds of crude oil (Kuwait crude oil, Daqing crude oil) and marine fuel oil at home and abroad were used as the research object. The three kinds of oil samples were pre-treated by the crucible ashing method. The content of nickel and iron in the oil sample was determined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption method, and the ratio of nickel to nickel was calculated. The effects of different mixing ratios on the properties of the mixed oil and the mixed oil were studied, and the cluster analysis of the mixed oil system was carried out on the basis of the characteristics of the nickel and the sulfur. The effects of weathering on the properties of mixed oil and nickel are studied. The following conclusions are obtained by the analysis and discussion of the experimental results:1. The ratio of oil-to-oil ratio to the ratio of nickel to nickel shows an increasing trend with the increase of the specific gravity of the single oil with a large ratio of nickel to nickel. When the specific gravity of some single oil in the mixed oil is large, the characteristics of the mixed oil are similar, and it is easy to gather together. The significant difference between the fuel oil and the crude oil is t-test, the nickel-to-fuel ratio of the fuel oil and the Daqing crude oil is significantly related, and the crude oil in Kuwait is significantly different, which means that the fuel oil used in the experiment is made from Daqing crude oil. The effect of weathering on the properties of the mixed oil and nickel is in the process of weathering, and the ratio of the nickel-to-gas ratio of the fuel oil-Kuwait and the fuel oil-Daqing oil mixed oil is not large, which shows strong anti-weathering capability. Although there is a change in the cluster of oil samples, the mixed crude oil with a large specific gravity of some kind of single oil can be easily collected into a class of characteristics, which is not affected by the weathering conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X55;X834

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 陳發(fā)榮;楊春茹;李景喜;楊東方;鄭立;王小如;;原油中微量金屬元素的測(cè)定及聚類(lèi)分析[J];分析科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年03期

2 楊春茹;陳發(fā)榮;李景喜;鄭立;楊東方;韓彬;王小如;;原油中微量金屬元素的測(cè)定及風(fēng)化條件下元素的變化規(guī)律[J];分析試驗(yàn)室;2011年02期

3 郁晟;;船用燃料油品種規(guī)格[J];船舶節(jié)能;1998年04期

4 徐艷東;湯憲春;徐艷艷;魏瀟;;海上溢油的原因、變化過(guò)程、危害和應(yīng)急對(duì)策分析[J];齊魯漁業(yè);2007年09期

5 柴志杰;李彬;;一種新的塔河重質(zhì)原油煉制工藝[J];煉油技術(shù)與工程;2006年06期

6 趙文芳;;海上溢油污染的危害與防治措施[J];安全、健康和環(huán)境;2006年09期

7 婁世松,張鴻勛,沙歐,楚喜麗,左禹,趙景茂;渣油脫除金屬雜質(zhì)工藝研究[J];石油化工;2002年05期

8 高涵;馬波;王少軍;凌鳳香;張喜文;侯彩麗;;石油中鎳、釩的研究進(jìn)展[J];當(dāng)代化工;2007年06期

9 楊昊煒;柴田;;淺談溢油污染對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的危害[J];天津航海;2007年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：2496521