【摘要】：高頻地波雷達(dá)(High Frequency Surface Wave Radar,HFSWR)利用垂直極化高頻電磁波(3~30MHz)可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)海上艦船、低空飛機(jī)等目標(biāo)的超視距探測(cè)以及對(duì)海洋表面狀態(tài)信息(如海流、風(fēng)場(chǎng)以及浪高等)進(jìn)行大范圍、全天候的海態(tài)遙感。船載HFSWR是岸基HFSWR技術(shù)的深入與發(fā)展,除繼承了岸基雷達(dá)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)外,其主要特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為船載平臺(tái)的靈活機(jī)動(dòng)性。利用此特點(diǎn),船載HFSWR可快速前往感興趣海域開(kāi)展目標(biāo)探測(cè)或海態(tài)遙感作業(yè)。因此,船載HFSWR在軍事和民用領(lǐng)域都有著廣泛的發(fā)展前景和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。目前基于岸基HFSWR的海態(tài)遙感理論及應(yīng)用技術(shù)比較成熟,國(guó)內(nèi)外均已研制成功多種岸基HFSWR系統(tǒng)并得到推廣應(yīng)用。但基于船載HFSWR的海態(tài)遙感理論和應(yīng)用技術(shù)的研究基本屬于空白。本文以船載HFSWR為研究平臺(tái),以海洋表面流為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展船載HFSWR海洋表面流遙感方法研究。本文研究成果將為我國(guó)開(kāi)展船載HFSWR海態(tài)遙感研究提供新的理論依據(jù)和方法,對(duì)無(wú)線(xiàn)電海洋學(xué)的深入研究和發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.簡(jiǎn)要介紹岸基HFSWR海洋表面流遙感的基本原理,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)多普勒譜展寬的機(jī)理以及船載HFSWR應(yīng)用于海洋表面流遙感所需解決的主要問(wèn)題,即海洋表面徑向流的波達(dá)方位(Direction-of-Arrival,DOA)估計(jì)、海浪回波信號(hào)空時(shí)耦合以及單站海洋表面矢量流估計(jì)問(wèn)題。2.針對(duì)船載HFSWR海洋表面徑向流方位估計(jì)中存在陣元數(shù)少、可用快拍數(shù)據(jù)有限、展寬的海浪回波多普勒譜中容易出現(xiàn)目標(biāo)信號(hào)的問(wèn)題以及復(fù)值稀疏表示方法普遍存在重構(gòu)精度低和計(jì)算量大的問(wèn)題,首先理論分析船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)在單個(gè)距離和多普勒分辨單元內(nèi)的稀疏性,然后研究基于實(shí)值陣列信號(hào)和實(shí)值陣列信號(hào)協(xié)方差陣稀疏表示的兩種DOA估計(jì)方法;最后通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真結(jié)果和實(shí)測(cè)船載HFSWR數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果驗(yàn)證這兩種實(shí)值稀疏表示方法的有效性。3.針對(duì)船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)存在空時(shí)耦合的問(wèn)題,首先理論分析船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)的特征譜及其分布特性,研究一種船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)協(xié)方差陣秩(即海浪回波信號(hào)特征譜中大特征值的個(gè)數(shù))的估計(jì)方法;然后利用該方法對(duì)船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)在整個(gè)空時(shí)二維聯(lián)合域中的稀疏性進(jìn)行理論分析,重點(diǎn)研究一種基于實(shí)值稀疏表示的空時(shí)二維多重信號(hào)分類(lèi)(MUltiple SIgnal Classification,MUSIC)方法,并將其應(yīng)用于船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)空時(shí)二維譜估計(jì);最后通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真分析驗(yàn)證船載HFSWR海浪回波信號(hào)協(xié)方差陣秩估計(jì)方法和基于實(shí)值稀疏表示的空時(shí)二維MUSIC方法的有效性。4.針對(duì)單站HFSWR難以直接獲取海洋表面矢量流的問(wèn)題,理論分析海洋表面矢量流場(chǎng)分布特性和船載HFSWR海洋表面徑向流測(cè)量誤差的分布特性,研究一種基于一階流函數(shù)的單站船載HFSWR海洋表面矢量流估計(jì)方法,并通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真分析驗(yàn)證該方法在均勻流場(chǎng)和非均勻流場(chǎng)條件下的有效性。
[Abstract]:High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) makes use of the vertical polarized high-frequency electromagnetic wave (3-30 MHz) to realize the over-the-horizon detection of targets such as marine vessels and low-altitude aircraft, as well as the large range of information on the surface state of the ocean (such as current, wind field and wave, etc.). All-weather sea-state remote sensing. The ship-borne HFSWR is an in-depth and development of the shore-based HFSWR technology. In addition to the advantages of the land-based radar, the ship-borne HFSWR is characterized by the flexible mobility of the ship-borne platform. With this feature, the shipboard HFSWR can quickly go to the area of interest to carry out the target detection or the sea-state remote sensing operation. Therefore, the shipboard HFSWR has a wide development prospect and application value in the military and civil fields. At present, the sea-state remote sensing theory and application technology based on the shore-based HFSWR are relatively mature, and a variety of shore-based HFSWR systems have been successfully developed at home and abroad. But the research of the sea-state remote sensing theory and the application technology based on the shipborne HFSWR is basically a blank. In this paper, the ship-borne HFSWR is used as the research platform, and the sea surface flow is used as the research object to carry out the research of the ship-borne HFSWR ocean surface flow remote sensing method. The research results of this paper will provide a new theoretical basis and method for carrying out the shipborne HFSWR sea-state remote sensing research, which is of great significance to the deep research and development of radio oceanography. The main contents of this paper are as follows:1. The basic principle of the sea surface flow remote sensing of the shore-based HFSWR is briefly introduced, and on the basis of this, the mechanism of the Doppler spectrum broadening of the shipborne HFSWR wave echo signal and the main problems for the application of the ship-borne HFSWR to the remote sensing of the marine surface flow are analyzed, that is, the direction of arrival of the radial flow of the ocean surface (Direction-of-Arrival, DOA estimation, space-time coupling of sea wave echo signals, and estimation of vector flow for single-station ocean surface. Aiming at the problem that the number of the array elements is small in the radial flow direction estimation of the ship-borne HFSWR ocean surface, the problem that the target signal is easy to appear in the Doppler spectrum of the spread sea wave echo and the problem that the reconstruction precision is low and the calculation amount is large are common in the extended sea wave echo Doppler spectrum, Firstly, the sparsity of the ship-borne HFSWR wave echo signal in a single distance and a Doppler-resolving unit is analyzed, and two DOA estimation methods based on the sparse representation of the real-value array signal and the real-value array signal covariance matrix are then studied. And finally, the validity of the two real-value sparse representation methods is verified by the computer simulation result and the measured ship-borne HFSWR data processing result. Aiming at the problem of space-time coupling of the shipborne HFSWR wave echo signal, the characteristic spectrum and the distribution characteristic of the shipborne HFSWR wave echo signal are firstly analyzed, A method for estimating the rank of a ship-borne HFSWR wave echo signal covariance matrix (that is, the number of large characteristic values in the wave echo signal characteristic spectrum) is studied, and then the sparsity of the ship-borne HFSWR wave echo signal in the whole space-time two-dimensional joint domain is analyzed by using the method, In this paper, a space-time two-dimensional multi-signal classification (MUSIC) method based on sparse representation of real-value is studied, and it is applied to the space-time two-dimensional spectral estimation of ship-borne HFSWR wave echo signals. Finally, a computer simulation analysis is used to verify the validity of the ship-borne HFSWR wave echo signal covariance matrix rank estimation method and the space-time two-dimensional MUSIC method based on the real-value sparse representation. aiming at the problem that the single-station HFSWR is difficult to directly acquire the ocean surface vector flow, the distribution characteristics of the marine surface vector flow field and the distribution characteristics of the ship-borne HFSWR ocean surface radial flow measurement error are analyzed theoretically, a single-station shipborne HFSWR ocean surface vector flow estimation method based on the first-order flow function is researched, And the effectiveness of the method under the conditions of uniform flow field and non-uniform flow field is verified by computer simulation analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P715.7;TN959

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