文登近岸海域沉積物運(yùn)移及控制因素研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-19 07:16
【摘要】：文登市位于山東半島東南部，近岸海域擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)的天然沙灘和海水浴場(chǎng)。本文利用近期調(diào)查資料對(duì)文登近岸海域的沉積物、水文動(dòng)力、泥沙運(yùn)移和沖淤特征進(jìn)行研究，研究成果對(duì)于近岸海域泥沙運(yùn)移規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)和海灘的養(yǎng)護(hù)等方面具有一定意義。 本文根據(jù)2013年7月采集到的173個(gè)表層沉積物樣品和95個(gè)碎屑礦物樣品，分析研究了表層沉積物類(lèi)型、粒度特征和礦物分布規(guī)律；利用數(shù)值模擬方法，模擬了研究區(qū)潮流場(chǎng)、波浪場(chǎng)和沖淤現(xiàn)狀特征；通過(guò)竇國(guó)仁、Sunamura、佐藤、美國(guó)海岸工程研究中心等數(shù)學(xué)公式，計(jì)算分析了研究區(qū)表層沉積物的起動(dòng)流速、泥沙活動(dòng)水深、沿岸輸沙等內(nèi)容；利用1980年和2013年2期水深地形資料，研究了水深地形變化規(guī)律；利用2005年和2013年2期衛(wèi)星遙感影像資料，對(duì)比分析了研究區(qū)岸線(xiàn)變化特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上，研究了文登近岸海域表層沉積物的運(yùn)移特征，并探討了控制沉積物運(yùn)移的因素，研究結(jié)果表明： （1）文登近岸海域沉積物類(lèi)型主要包括粉砂和粘土質(zhì)粉砂。整體上，沉積物粒徑由岸向海逐漸變細(xì)，分選變差。碎屑礦物分析鑒定出重礦物35種，輕礦物14種。重礦物中，黑云母等片狀礦物受水動(dòng)力的影響顯著，表現(xiàn)出由岸向海含量逐漸增高的特點(diǎn)；輕礦物中，斜長(zhǎng)石等主要輕礦物含量等值線(xiàn)分布方向與偏S向的波浪方向一致，這是波浪對(duì)碎屑礦物搬運(yùn)的結(jié)果。 （2）研究區(qū)大潮期，漲急時(shí)刻潮流整體上由東往西流，落急時(shí)潮流整體由西向東流；研究區(qū)波浪場(chǎng)受張家埠新港的影響，波浪作用減弱，并在防波堤附近形成波影區(qū)；研究區(qū)周邊海域整體以微淤積為主，絕大部分區(qū)域的年淤積量小于2cm；侵蝕區(qū)主要位于張家埠新港防波堤堤頭，年最大侵蝕量約16cm。 （3）研究區(qū)海域沉積物的整體運(yùn)移趨勢(shì)為：沿岸（羊村口至小里島）表層沉積物輸運(yùn)趨勢(shì)是由西南向東北，在澤庫(kù)半島西側(cè)是由南向北，張家埠新港南側(cè)是由東南向西北，表層沉積物整體上向五壘島灣匯聚，從而塑造了灣內(nèi)的潮灘地貌，導(dǎo)致了五壘島灣的淤積現(xiàn)狀。 （4）研究區(qū)內(nèi)表層沉積物在單純潮流的作用下基本不能起動(dòng)，當(dāng)波浪作用攪動(dòng)海底表層沉積物后，潮流對(duì)泥沙的輸運(yùn)起了主導(dǎo)作用，“波浪掀沙，潮流輸沙”控制了研究區(qū)沉積物的運(yùn)移與分布，，形成了研究區(qū)中部顆粒較粗，東西兩側(cè)顆粒較細(xì)的沉積物分布規(guī)律。 （5）張家埠新港的建設(shè)是影響研究區(qū)沉積物運(yùn)移的主要的人為因素。新港建設(shè)后向海延伸約5km，阻擋了研究區(qū)偏E向的波浪，在研究區(qū)東部形成波影區(qū)，在碼頭和引堤處最大流速變化達(dá)60cm/s，澤庫(kù)半島西側(cè)凈輸沙量增加了52.7×104m3/a。新港的建設(shè)直接改變了原有的岸線(xiàn)，影響了水動(dòng)力條件和沉積環(huán)境，從而影響沉積物的運(yùn)移。
[Abstract]:Wendeng City is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, coastal waters with high-quality natural beaches and sea baths. In this paper, the sediment, hydrological dynamics, sediment transport and scouring and silting characteristics of Wendeng inshore sea area are studied by using the recent survey data. The research results are of certain significance for the understanding of sediment transport law and beach maintenance in the coastal area. Based on 173 surface sediment samples and 95 clastic mineral samples collected in July 2013, the types, grain size characteristics and mineral distribution of surface sediments were analyzed and studied in this paper. The characteristics of tidal flow field, wave field and scouring and silting in the study area are simulated by numerical simulation method. Based on the mathematical formulas of Dou Guoren, Sunamura, Sato and the United States Coastal Engineering Research Center, the starting velocity, sediment active water depth and coastal sediment transport of the surface sediments in the study area are calculated and analyzed. Based on the water depth topographic data of 1980 and 2013, the variation law of water depth topography is studied, and the shoreline variation characteristics of the study area are compared and analyzed by using the satellite remote sensing image data of 2005 and 2013. On this basis, the transport characteristics of surface sediments in Wendeng coastal waters are studied, and the factors controlling sediment transport are discussed. The results show that: (1) the sediment types in Wendeng coastal area mainly include silt and clay silt. On the whole, the particle size of sediment gradually becomes fine from shore to sea, and the separation becomes worse. 35 species of heavy minerals and 14 species of light minerals were identified by clastic mineral analysis. Among the heavy minerals, biotite and other flake minerals are significantly affected by hydrodynamic force, which shows that the content of biotite and other flake minerals increases gradually from shore to sea. In the light minerals, the distribution direction of the contours of the main light minerals, such as plagioclase, is consistent with the wave direction of the partial S direction, which is the result of the wave transport to the clastic minerals. (2) during the tidal period of the study area, the tidal current flows from east to west as a whole and from west to east when the tidal current falls, and the wave field in the study area is affected by Zhangjiabu Xingang, the wave action is weakened, and the wave shadow area is formed near the breakwater. The whole surrounding sea area of the study area is mainly micro-siltation, the annual siltation in most areas is less than 2 cm, and the erosion area is mainly located at the head of Zhangjiabu Xingang breakwater, with an annual maximum erosion of about 16 cm. (3) the overall migration trend of sediments in the study area is as follows: the transport trend of surface sediments along the coast (Yangcukou to Xiaoli Island) is from southwest to northeast, from south to north on the west side of Zecu Peninsula, and from southeast to northwest on the south side of Zhangjiabu Xingang. The surface sediments converge to Wuyi Island Bay as a whole, thus shaping the tidal flat landform in the Bay, which leads to the siltation status of Wuyi Island Bay. (4) the surface sediments in the study area can not start under the action of simple tidal current. When the wave acts to stir the surface sediments of the seafloor, the tidal current plays a leading role in sediment transportation. Tidal current sediment transport controls the migration and distribution of sediments in the study area, and forms the distribution law of sediments with coarse particles in the middle of the study area and fine particles on both sides of the east and west sides of the study area. (5) the construction of Zhangjiabu Xingang is the main human factor affecting sediment transport in the study area. After the construction of Xingang, it extends to the sea about 5 km, which blocks the waves in E direction of the study area. The wave shadow area is formed in the eastern part of the study area. The maximum velocity variation at the wharf and levee is 60 cm / s, and the net sediment transport on the west side of Zecu Peninsula increases by 52.7 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3 / a. The construction of Xingang has directly changed the original shoreline, affected the hydrodynamic conditions and sedimentary environment, and thus affected the transport of sediments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P736.21
本文編號(hào)：2480507
[Abstract]:Wendeng City is located in the southeast of Shandong Peninsula, coastal waters with high-quality natural beaches and sea baths. In this paper, the sediment, hydrological dynamics, sediment transport and scouring and silting characteristics of Wendeng inshore sea area are studied by using the recent survey data. The research results are of certain significance for the understanding of sediment transport law and beach maintenance in the coastal area. Based on 173 surface sediment samples and 95 clastic mineral samples collected in July 2013, the types, grain size characteristics and mineral distribution of surface sediments were analyzed and studied in this paper. The characteristics of tidal flow field, wave field and scouring and silting in the study area are simulated by numerical simulation method. Based on the mathematical formulas of Dou Guoren, Sunamura, Sato and the United States Coastal Engineering Research Center, the starting velocity, sediment active water depth and coastal sediment transport of the surface sediments in the study area are calculated and analyzed. Based on the water depth topographic data of 1980 and 2013, the variation law of water depth topography is studied, and the shoreline variation characteristics of the study area are compared and analyzed by using the satellite remote sensing image data of 2005 and 2013. On this basis, the transport characteristics of surface sediments in Wendeng coastal waters are studied, and the factors controlling sediment transport are discussed. The results show that: (1) the sediment types in Wendeng coastal area mainly include silt and clay silt. On the whole, the particle size of sediment gradually becomes fine from shore to sea, and the separation becomes worse. 35 species of heavy minerals and 14 species of light minerals were identified by clastic mineral analysis. Among the heavy minerals, biotite and other flake minerals are significantly affected by hydrodynamic force, which shows that the content of biotite and other flake minerals increases gradually from shore to sea. In the light minerals, the distribution direction of the contours of the main light minerals, such as plagioclase, is consistent with the wave direction of the partial S direction, which is the result of the wave transport to the clastic minerals. (2) during the tidal period of the study area, the tidal current flows from east to west as a whole and from west to east when the tidal current falls, and the wave field in the study area is affected by Zhangjiabu Xingang, the wave action is weakened, and the wave shadow area is formed near the breakwater. The whole surrounding sea area of the study area is mainly micro-siltation, the annual siltation in most areas is less than 2 cm, and the erosion area is mainly located at the head of Zhangjiabu Xingang breakwater, with an annual maximum erosion of about 16 cm. (3) the overall migration trend of sediments in the study area is as follows: the transport trend of surface sediments along the coast (Yangcukou to Xiaoli Island) is from southwest to northeast, from south to north on the west side of Zecu Peninsula, and from southeast to northwest on the south side of Zhangjiabu Xingang. The surface sediments converge to Wuyi Island Bay as a whole, thus shaping the tidal flat landform in the Bay, which leads to the siltation status of Wuyi Island Bay. (4) the surface sediments in the study area can not start under the action of simple tidal current. When the wave acts to stir the surface sediments of the seafloor, the tidal current plays a leading role in sediment transportation. Tidal current sediment transport controls the migration and distribution of sediments in the study area, and forms the distribution law of sediments with coarse particles in the middle of the study area and fine particles on both sides of the east and west sides of the study area. (5) the construction of Zhangjiabu Xingang is the main human factor affecting sediment transport in the study area. After the construction of Xingang, it extends to the sea about 5 km, which blocks the waves in E direction of the study area. The wave shadow area is formed in the eastern part of the study area. The maximum velocity variation at the wharf and levee is 60 cm / s, and the net sediment transport on the west side of Zecu Peninsula increases by 52.7 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ 3 / a. The construction of Xingang has directly changed the original shoreline, affected the hydrodynamic conditions and sedimentary environment, and thus affected the transport of sediments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P736.21
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