南極春夏季海冰變化及其與氣候要素的關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-18 15:35
【摘要】：海冰是極地氣候系統(tǒng)的重要因子。海冰的形成在海洋和大氣之間構(gòu)成了新的交界面,影響海洋-大氣之間太陽輻射、動(dòng)能和水汽的交換,改變海洋表面的輻射和能量平衡。南極和北極是位于地球兩端的巨大冷源,擁有地球上99%的冰川和海冰儲(chǔ)量,深刻影響全球氣候變化。過去30年,衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)顯示北極地區(qū)的海冰覆蓋面積呈現(xiàn)萎縮趨勢,這更引起人們對(duì)南極海冰變化的關(guān)注。南極海冰區(qū)域作為南極大陸和亞南極的交界區(qū),對(duì)南極地區(qū)的海洋、大氣和氣候環(huán)境有顯著的影響。隨著衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù),特別是被動(dòng)微波遙感的發(fā)展,使得對(duì)南極海冰進(jìn)行大尺度范圍、長時(shí)間序列的研究成為可能。本文選用1982～2015年美國雪冰中心的SMMR.SSMI和SSMIS月平均海冰密集度產(chǎn)品以及美國宇航局的MERRA海冰反照率產(chǎn)品,研究了南極春夏季海冰變化；利用NOAA地球系統(tǒng)研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室提供的海洋表面溫度數(shù)據(jù)和歐洲中尺度氣候預(yù)報(bào)中心的ERA-Interim地表凈太陽輻射數(shù)據(jù),分析海冰變化與氣候要素的相互關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明：1982～2015年南極春夏季海冰密集度、外緣線和反照率三個(gè)要素均呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)增加的趨勢,增加速度各不相同。其中海冰密集度增加速度約為0.549%/10yr,置信度為：84.37%；海冰外緣線增加速度約為0.027×106 km2/yr,置信度高達(dá)：99.97%；海冰反照率增加速度為1.106%/10yr,置信度達(dá)到了99.91%；表明南極海冰確呈增加趨勢。從南極春夏季單個(gè)月份變化來看,海冰密集度、外緣線和反照率均呈現(xiàn)增加趨勢。其中海冰密集度在2月份的增加趨勢最明顯,達(dá)到了1.058%/10yr,1月份的增加趨勢最平緩,增加趨勢僅僅為0.097%/10yr；海冰外緣線面積從11月到2月逐漸降低,其中1月份的增加趨勢最明顯,達(dá)到了0.041×106km2/yr,2月份的增加趨勢最平緩,為0.019×106km2/yr；海冰反照率在12月份增加趨勢最明顯,達(dá)到了1.557%/10yr,1月份的反照率增加趨勢最平緩,僅為0.621%/10yr。從空間分布的角度分析1982～2015年南極春夏季海冰的變化情況可知,海冰密集度和反照率的空間分布具有高度的一致性。海冰環(huán)繞分布在南極大陸周圍的海域,從南極大陸邊緣一直延伸到低緯度地區(qū)。高值區(qū)域主要集中在南極大陸邊緣、阿蒙森海和威德爾海海域；低值區(qū)域集中在海冰外緣、羅斯海、阿蒙森海的部分海域及埃默里冰架附近。海冰密集度比較高的區(qū)域,海冰反照率也比較高；海冰密集度低的區(qū)域,反照率通常也比較低。氣候要素中海水表面溫度和表面凈太陽輻射的變化與海冰變化趨勢恰好相反,呈波動(dòng)降低的趨勢。其中海水表面溫度降低速度約為-0.032℃/10yr,置信度為：97.68%；表面凈太陽輻射的降低趨勢較低,速度約為-0.268w/m2/10yr,置信度僅為：31.84%。海水表面溫度與南極海冰密集度、外緣線和反照率均呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,顯著性水平均在99%；其中與海冰密集度的相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到了-0.581,與外緣線的相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.502,與反照率的相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到了-0.925。表面凈太陽輻射與海冰密集度、外緣線和反照率三個(gè)要素也呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系；其中與海冰密集度的負(fù)相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,達(dá)到了-0.560(顯著性水平99%),與反照率的相關(guān)系數(shù)次之,為-0.498(顯著性水平99%),與外緣線的負(fù)相關(guān)系數(shù)最低,僅為-0.318,顯著性水平也僅達(dá)到了90%。海水表面溫度和表面凈太陽輻射也表現(xiàn)出空間分布的一致性,受緯度影響比較大。隨緯度升高,海水表面溫度和表面凈太陽輻射均呈逐漸降低的分布變化。低值區(qū)域主要集中在威德爾海和羅斯海海域,以及阿蒙森海和別林斯高晉海區(qū)域；高值區(qū)域隨著緯度的降低逐漸升高,主要集中在低緯度的海冰外緣區(qū)域�？臻g分布上,高海冰密集度往往伴隨著高的海冰反照率和低的海水表面溫度以及凈太陽輻射；低密集度通常伴隨著低海冰反照率和高的海水表面溫度以及凈太陽輻射。
[Abstract]:Sea ice is an important factor in the polar climate system. The formation of sea ice forms a new interface between the sea and the atmosphere, which influences the exchange of solar radiation, kinetic energy and water vapor between the sea and the atmosphere, and changes the radiation and energy balance of the ocean surface. The Antarctic and the North Pole are huge cold sources at both ends of the Earth, with 99 per cent of the Earth's glaciers and sea ice reserves, which have a profound impact on global climate change. In the last 30 years, satellite data shows a shrinking trend in the area of sea ice in the Arctic, which is more concerned about the changes in the Antarctic sea ice. The Antarctic sea ice region has a significant impact on the marine, atmospheric and climate environment in the Antarctic region as the junction of the Antarctic continent and the sub-Antarctic. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, especially passive microwave remote sensing, it is possible to study the large-scale and long-time series of the Antarctic sea ice. In this paper, the sea ice changes in the spring and summer of the Antarctic are studied by using the SMMR. SSMI and SSMIS monthly mean sea ice concentration products from 1982 to 2015 and the MERRA sea ice albedo of NASA. The sea surface temperature data provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and the ERA-Interim surface net solar radiation data of the European Mesoscale Climate Prediction Center are used to analyze the relationship between the sea ice change and the climate elements. The results show that the sea ice concentration, the outer edge line and the albedo in the spring and summer of the Antarctic in 1982 to 2015 show the trend of the increase of the fluctuation, and the speed of the increase is different. The increase of the sea ice concentration is about 0.549%/ 10yr, the confidence is 84.37%, the increase of the sea ice outer edge line is about 0.027 ~ 106km2/ yr, the confidence level is as high as 99.97%, the increase rate of sea ice albedo is 1.106%/ 10yr, and the confidence level is 99.91%; it is shown that the Antarctic sea ice is in an increasing trend. In the single month of the spring and summer of the Antarctic, the sea ice concentration, the outer edge line and the albedo show an increasing trend. The increasing trend of sea ice concentration in February was the most obvious, reached 1.058%/ 10yr, the trend of the increase in January was the most gradual, the increasing trend was only 0.097%/ 10yr, the area of the outer edge line of sea ice decreased from November to February, and the trend of the increase in January was the most obvious, reaching 0.041-106km2/ yr. The trend of increase of sea ice in February was the most gradual, 0.019-106km2/ yr, the increase of sea ice albedo in December was the most obvious, reached 1.557%/ 10yr, and the increase of albedo in January was the most gradual, only 0.621%/ 10yr. The spatial distribution of sea ice from 1982 to 2015 shows that the spatial distribution of sea ice concentration and albedo is highly consistent. The sea ice is distributed around the Antarctic continent, extending from the edge of the Antarctic continent to the low-latitude area. The high-value area is mainly concentrated on the continental margin of the South Pole, the Amundsen Sea and the Westdell Sea, and the low-value area is concentrated near the sea ice outer edge, the Ross Sea, the part of the Amonsen Sea and the nearby Emory ice shelf. The area with high sea ice concentration and the sea ice albedo are also high; the area with low sea ice concentration and the albedo are usually low. The change of the surface temperature and the surface net solar radiation in the climate elements is opposite to that of the sea ice, and the trend of the fluctuation decreases. The surface temperature of the sea water is about-0.032 鈩，
本文編號(hào)：2480126
[Abstract]:Sea ice is an important factor in the polar climate system. The formation of sea ice forms a new interface between the sea and the atmosphere, which influences the exchange of solar radiation, kinetic energy and water vapor between the sea and the atmosphere, and changes the radiation and energy balance of the ocean surface. The Antarctic and the North Pole are huge cold sources at both ends of the Earth, with 99 per cent of the Earth's glaciers and sea ice reserves, which have a profound impact on global climate change. In the last 30 years, satellite data shows a shrinking trend in the area of sea ice in the Arctic, which is more concerned about the changes in the Antarctic sea ice. The Antarctic sea ice region has a significant impact on the marine, atmospheric and climate environment in the Antarctic region as the junction of the Antarctic continent and the sub-Antarctic. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology, especially passive microwave remote sensing, it is possible to study the large-scale and long-time series of the Antarctic sea ice. In this paper, the sea ice changes in the spring and summer of the Antarctic are studied by using the SMMR. SSMI and SSMIS monthly mean sea ice concentration products from 1982 to 2015 and the MERRA sea ice albedo of NASA. The sea surface temperature data provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and the ERA-Interim surface net solar radiation data of the European Mesoscale Climate Prediction Center are used to analyze the relationship between the sea ice change and the climate elements. The results show that the sea ice concentration, the outer edge line and the albedo in the spring and summer of the Antarctic in 1982 to 2015 show the trend of the increase of the fluctuation, and the speed of the increase is different. The increase of the sea ice concentration is about 0.549%/ 10yr, the confidence is 84.37%, the increase of the sea ice outer edge line is about 0.027 ~ 106km2/ yr, the confidence level is as high as 99.97%, the increase rate of sea ice albedo is 1.106%/ 10yr, and the confidence level is 99.91%; it is shown that the Antarctic sea ice is in an increasing trend. In the single month of the spring and summer of the Antarctic, the sea ice concentration, the outer edge line and the albedo show an increasing trend. The increasing trend of sea ice concentration in February was the most obvious, reached 1.058%/ 10yr, the trend of the increase in January was the most gradual, the increasing trend was only 0.097%/ 10yr, the area of the outer edge line of sea ice decreased from November to February, and the trend of the increase in January was the most obvious, reaching 0.041-106km2/ yr. The trend of increase of sea ice in February was the most gradual, 0.019-106km2/ yr, the increase of sea ice albedo in December was the most obvious, reached 1.557%/ 10yr, and the increase of albedo in January was the most gradual, only 0.621%/ 10yr. The spatial distribution of sea ice from 1982 to 2015 shows that the spatial distribution of sea ice concentration and albedo is highly consistent. The sea ice is distributed around the Antarctic continent, extending from the edge of the Antarctic continent to the low-latitude area. The high-value area is mainly concentrated on the continental margin of the South Pole, the Amundsen Sea and the Westdell Sea, and the low-value area is concentrated near the sea ice outer edge, the Ross Sea, the part of the Amonsen Sea and the nearby Emory ice shelf. The area with high sea ice concentration and the sea ice albedo are also high; the area with low sea ice concentration and the albedo are usually low. The change of the surface temperature and the surface net solar radiation in the climate elements is opposite to that of the sea ice, and the trend of the fluctuation decreases. The surface temperature of the sea water is about-0.032 鈩，
本文編號(hào)：2480126
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