發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-01 12:32

【摘要】：目前海洋水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)中傳感器的數(shù)量較多，數(shù)據(jù)采集器為每個(gè)傳感器都配有一個(gè)接口。由此導(dǎo)致的接線復(fù)雜、可擴(kuò)展性差等問(wèn)題一直存在。為解決這一問(wèn)題，本文將開放總線技術(shù)引入到水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)中。文章深入研究了SDI-12總線和NMEA2000總線的通訊協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并設(shè)計(jì)出基于該兩總線的兩種接口，所有的傳感器都連入總線上與數(shù)據(jù)采集器通信。另外SDI-12接口可以通過(guò)軟件控制切換至RS-232、RS-485、RS-422等通訊協(xié)議，豐富了接口的功能。 論文首先對(duì)開放總線接口進(jìn)行了總體設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)SDI-12和NMEA2000通訊協(xié)議進(jìn)行了介紹。然后闡述了實(shí)現(xiàn)總線接口的硬件與軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法。硬件設(shè)計(jì)主要是滿足SDI-12總線和NMEA2000總線物理層信號(hào)的傳輸要求。文中詳細(xì)介紹了芯片選型及電路原理圖的設(shè)計(jì)。微控制器選取了ST公司的STM32F103VE芯片，并基于該芯片對(duì)多協(xié)議接口模塊和NMEA2000模塊進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。軟件設(shè)計(jì)主要是完成總線上數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層及上層通訊協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)，包括數(shù)據(jù)幀的收發(fā)，以及報(bào)文的解析。軟件開發(fā)環(huán)境為Keil及RTX嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)。文中對(duì)RTX操作系統(tǒng)作了較為詳細(xì)的介紹，并在此平臺(tái)下進(jìn)行多任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)SDI-12和NMEA2000總線接口的功能。為以后維護(hù)方便對(duì)程序進(jìn)行了模塊化的設(shè)計(jì)，每個(gè)模塊都有詳細(xì)的流程圖說(shuō)明以及通訊協(xié)議的解釋。最后將多個(gè)水文氣象傳感器連入總線中，驗(yàn)證總線采集數(shù)據(jù)的效果。 驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明，本文所設(shè)計(jì)的水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集接口能夠正常采集數(shù)據(jù)。使得整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)具有可擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)，硬件電路簡(jiǎn)單，，接線方便，便于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝等特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:At present, there are a large number of sensors in the marine hydrometeorological data acquisition system, and the data collector is equipped with an interface for each sensor. This leads to complex wiring, poor scalability and other problems have always existed. In order to solve this problem, the open bus technology is introduced into hydrometeorological data acquisition system. In this paper, the communication protocol standards of SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus are deeply studied, and two interfaces based on the two bus lines are designed. All the sensors are connected to the bus to communicate with the data collector. In addition, the SDI-12 interface can switch to RS-232,RS-485,RS-422 and other communication protocols through software control, which enriches the function of the interface. Firstly, the open bus interface is designed, and the communication protocols of SDI-12 and NMEA2000 are introduced. Then the design method of hardware and software to realize bus interface is described. Hardware design is mainly to meet the SDI-12 bus and NMEA2000 bus physical layer signal transmission requirements. In this paper, the chip selection and circuit schematic design are introduced in detail. The microcontroller selects the STM32F103VE chip of ST company and designs the multi-protocol interface module and the NMEA2000 module based on the chip. The software design is mainly to complete the design of data link layer and upper layer communication protocol, including sending and receiving of data frame, and parsing of message. The software development environment is Keil and RTX embedded real-time operating system. In this paper, the RTX operating system is introduced in detail, and the multi-task design is carried out on this platform to realize the functions of the interface between SDI-12 and NMEA2000 bus. For the convenience of maintenance in the future, the program is modularized, each module has a detailed flow chart and the explanation of the communication protocol. Finally, several hydrometeorological sensors are connected into the bus to verify the effect of bus data acquisition. The verification results show that the hydrometeorological data acquisition interface designed in this paper can collect the data normally. The whole data acquisition system has the characteristics of strong expansibility, simple hardware circuit, convenient wiring, convenient installation and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)家海洋技術(shù)中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP274.2;P716

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