季節(jié)性缺氧環(huán)境底棲動(dòng)物對(duì)微藻脂類(lèi)化合物降解影響模擬研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-12 16:37
【摘要】：本研究以中國(guó)近海典型赤潮藻中肋骨條藻(Skeletonema costatum)為研究對(duì)象，考察季節(jié)性缺氧環(huán)境下底棲動(dòng)物對(duì)脂類(lèi)標(biāo)志物在沉積物中降解的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)比不同氧飽和度模擬培養(yǎng)體系中中肋骨條藻在有/無(wú)刀額新對(duì)蝦(Metapenaeusensis)幼體活動(dòng)背景下的降解過(guò)程，追蹤中肋骨條藻中主要脂肪酸和中性脂在100%、50%、25%和0%的氧飽和度體系中的降解行為。研究結(jié)果表明： (1)底棲動(dòng)物的擾動(dòng)作用能夠轉(zhuǎn)移表層沉積物中的藻源脂類(lèi)化合物至次表層沉積物和懸浮顆粒中，改變其在沉積物中的分布。隨含氧量的降低，底棲動(dòng)物擾動(dòng)作用減弱，對(duì)藻源脂類(lèi)化合物的轉(zhuǎn)移作用減弱。具體而言，100%氧飽和度體系，脂肪酸和中性脂在實(shí)驗(yàn)組表層沉積物中的含量迅速減少，被大量轉(zhuǎn)移到次表層沉積物和懸浮顆粒中；50%氧飽和度體系中，底棲動(dòng)物的擾動(dòng)作用轉(zhuǎn)移脂類(lèi)化合物的量明顯減少，懸浮顆粒物只在實(shí)驗(yàn)初期產(chǎn)生并在其中檢測(cè)到脂類(lèi)化合物。雖然50%樣飽和度體系中底棲動(dòng)物向次表層轉(zhuǎn)移微藻較少，但其中的藻源脂類(lèi)化合物含量與100%氧飽和度體系相差不大，主要是由于50%氧飽和度體系次表層沉積物中的藻源脂類(lèi)化合物降解緩慢造成的。25%和0%氧飽和度體系中沒(méi)有懸浮顆粒物產(chǎn)生，在次表層沉積物也沒(méi)有檢測(cè)到藻源脂類(lèi)化合物。 (2)100%氧飽和度體系中底棲動(dòng)物的活動(dòng)能夠明顯加快脂類(lèi)化合物在沉積物中的降解。實(shí)驗(yàn)組藻源脂肪酸降解速率常數(shù)kav約為對(duì)照組的1.2-1.7倍。底棲動(dòng)物對(duì)飽和脂肪酸14:0和16:0降解的促進(jìn)作用更為明顯。實(shí)驗(yàn)組中性脂kav為對(duì)照組的2.2-2.8倍。在50%氧飽和度體系的中度缺氧體系中，刀額新對(duì)蝦幼體活力逐漸減弱，最終死亡，死亡之前的擾動(dòng)增加了有機(jī)物在次表層沉積物中的埋藏并降低了脂類(lèi)化合物的降解速率，，因而實(shí)驗(yàn)組脂肪酸和中性脂的降解速率常數(shù)kav小于或接近對(duì)照組。25%和0%氧飽和度體系中，實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組脂類(lèi)化合物降解速率常數(shù)kav相近，在這種嚴(yán)重缺氧和無(wú)氧環(huán)境中，底棲動(dòng)物迅速死亡，對(duì)脂肪酸和中性脂降解的影響可以忽略，脂肪酸和中性脂的降解主要受微生物影響。 (3)除了底棲動(dòng)物的擾動(dòng)，氧化還原環(huán)境和化合物自身結(jié)構(gòu)也是影響脂類(lèi)化合物降解速率的重要因素。不同環(huán)境中，氧飽和度降低時(shí)中性脂和脂肪酸降解速率常數(shù)kav均減小，但中性脂減小幅度更大。同一體系中結(jié)構(gòu)不同的脂肪酸降解速率常數(shù)kav差別明顯，不飽和脂肪酸20:5和16:1(7)的kav值大于飽和脂肪酸，20:5含有的雙鍵較多，其kav值也較大，底棲動(dòng)物的存在沒(méi)有改變這一規(guī)律。多不飽和脂肪酸降解速率常數(shù)在四種體系中總的變化范圍0.25~0.52d-1，飽和脂肪酸降解速率常數(shù)范變化圍為0.11~0.34d-1，表明不飽和雙鍵對(duì)脂肪酸自身降解影響顯著。氧飽和度相同的對(duì)照組或?qū)嶒?yàn)組培養(yǎng)體系中，分子結(jié)構(gòu)不同的中性脂化合物降解速率常數(shù)相差不大，表明底棲動(dòng)物的存在減弱了中性脂化合物分子結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)其自身降解的影響。
[Abstract]:In this study, the effects of benthic animals on the degradation of lipid markers in the sediment were investigated by using the Skeelleonema costatum as the research object in the typical red tide algae in China. The degradation of the main fatty acid and the neutral lipid in the system of the oxygen saturation of 100%,50%,25% and 0% of the main fatty acids and the neutral lipids in the rib-strip algae was tracked by comparing the degradation process of the middle rib and the neutral fat in the culture system of the different oxygen saturation simulation culture system under the background of the activity of the new penaeus vannamei (Metapenaea). The results show that: (1) The disturbance of benthic animals can transfer the algal source lipid compounds in the surface sediments to the subsurface sediments and suspended particles to change their distribution in the sediment B. With the decrease of the oxygen content, the disturbance of the benthic animal is weakened, and the transfer function of the algae-derived lipid compound is reduced. Weak. In particular, the content of the 100% oxygen saturation system, the fatty acid and the neutral fat in the surface sediments of the experimental group is rapidly reduced, and is transferred to the secondary surface sediment and the suspended particles in a large amount; in the 50% oxygen saturation system, the disturbance of the benthic animals is obviously reduced by the disturbance of the benthic animals. Less, suspended particulate matter was generated only at the beginning of the experiment and a lipid combination was detected in that 50% sample saturation system, the content of the algal source lipid compound and the 100% oxygen saturation system do not differ from that of the 100% oxygen saturation system, The large, mainly due to the slow degradation of the algal source lipid compounds in the 50% oxygen saturation system subsurface sediments. There was no suspended particulate matter in the 25% and 0% oxygen saturation system, and the algae source lipid combination was not detected in the subsurface sediment (2) The activity of the benthic animal in the 100% oxygen saturation system can significantly increase the lipid compound in the sediment The degradation rate of the fatty acid in the experimental group was about 1.2-1 in the control group. .7-fold. The effect of benthic animals on the degradation of saturated fatty acids 14:0 and 16:0 In the experimental group, the neutral lipid, kav, was 2.2-2 in the control group. In the medium-anoxic system of 50% oxygen saturation system, the activity of the penaeus vannamei is gradually reduced, the final death and the disturbance before the death increase the burial of the organic matter in the secondary surface sediment and reduce the drop of the lipid compound. The rate of degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat in the experimental group was less than or close to that of the control group. In the 25% and 0% oxygen saturation system, the degradation rate constant of the lipid compounds in the experimental group and the control group was similar to that of the control group. In this severe hypoxia and oxygen-free environment, the benthic animal was not The effect of rapid death on the degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat can be neglected, and the degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat is mainly affected by microgeneration. (3) In addition to the disturbance of benthic animals, the oxidation and reduction environment and the structure of the compounds are also the effects of the degradation rate of lipid compounds. In different environments, both the neutral fat and the fatty acid degradation rate constant, kav, decreased when the oxygen saturation was reduced, but the neutral lipid decreased. In the same system, the different fatty acid degradation rate constants kav are different, the kav value of unsaturated fatty acid 20:5 and 16:1 (7) is higher than that of saturated fatty acid,20:5 contains more double bonds, the kav value is larger, and the existence of benthic animals is not changed. The change of the rate constant of the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the four systems is from 0.25 to 0.52 d-1, and the change of the rate constant of the saturated fatty acid is in the range of 0.11-0.34 d-1, indicating that the unsaturated double bond can reduce the fatty acid itself. In the control group of the same oxygen saturation or the culture system of the experimental group, the degradation rate constant of the neutral lipid compound with different molecular structure was not small, indicating that the existence of the benthic animal weakened the molecular structure of the neutral lipid compound to its own.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X55;Q958.8
本文編號(hào)：2438965
[Abstract]:In this study, the effects of benthic animals on the degradation of lipid markers in the sediment were investigated by using the Skeelleonema costatum as the research object in the typical red tide algae in China. The degradation of the main fatty acid and the neutral lipid in the system of the oxygen saturation of 100%,50%,25% and 0% of the main fatty acids and the neutral lipids in the rib-strip algae was tracked by comparing the degradation process of the middle rib and the neutral fat in the culture system of the different oxygen saturation simulation culture system under the background of the activity of the new penaeus vannamei (Metapenaea). The results show that: (1) The disturbance of benthic animals can transfer the algal source lipid compounds in the surface sediments to the subsurface sediments and suspended particles to change their distribution in the sediment B. With the decrease of the oxygen content, the disturbance of the benthic animal is weakened, and the transfer function of the algae-derived lipid compound is reduced. Weak. In particular, the content of the 100% oxygen saturation system, the fatty acid and the neutral fat in the surface sediments of the experimental group is rapidly reduced, and is transferred to the secondary surface sediment and the suspended particles in a large amount; in the 50% oxygen saturation system, the disturbance of the benthic animals is obviously reduced by the disturbance of the benthic animals. Less, suspended particulate matter was generated only at the beginning of the experiment and a lipid combination was detected in that 50% sample saturation system, the content of the algal source lipid compound and the 100% oxygen saturation system do not differ from that of the 100% oxygen saturation system, The large, mainly due to the slow degradation of the algal source lipid compounds in the 50% oxygen saturation system subsurface sediments. There was no suspended particulate matter in the 25% and 0% oxygen saturation system, and the algae source lipid combination was not detected in the subsurface sediment (2) The activity of the benthic animal in the 100% oxygen saturation system can significantly increase the lipid compound in the sediment The degradation rate of the fatty acid in the experimental group was about 1.2-1 in the control group. .7-fold. The effect of benthic animals on the degradation of saturated fatty acids 14:0 and 16:0 In the experimental group, the neutral lipid, kav, was 2.2-2 in the control group. In the medium-anoxic system of 50% oxygen saturation system, the activity of the penaeus vannamei is gradually reduced, the final death and the disturbance before the death increase the burial of the organic matter in the secondary surface sediment and reduce the drop of the lipid compound. The rate of degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat in the experimental group was less than or close to that of the control group. In the 25% and 0% oxygen saturation system, the degradation rate constant of the lipid compounds in the experimental group and the control group was similar to that of the control group. In this severe hypoxia and oxygen-free environment, the benthic animal was not The effect of rapid death on the degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat can be neglected, and the degradation of fatty acid and neutral fat is mainly affected by microgeneration. (3) In addition to the disturbance of benthic animals, the oxidation and reduction environment and the structure of the compounds are also the effects of the degradation rate of lipid compounds. In different environments, both the neutral fat and the fatty acid degradation rate constant, kav, decreased when the oxygen saturation was reduced, but the neutral lipid decreased. In the same system, the different fatty acid degradation rate constants kav are different, the kav value of unsaturated fatty acid 20:5 and 16:1 (7) is higher than that of saturated fatty acid,20:5 contains more double bonds, the kav value is larger, and the existence of benthic animals is not changed. The change of the rate constant of the polyunsaturated fatty acid in the four systems is from 0.25 to 0.52 d-1, and the change of the rate constant of the saturated fatty acid is in the range of 0.11-0.34 d-1, indicating that the unsaturated double bond can reduce the fatty acid itself. In the control group of the same oxygen saturation or the culture system of the experimental group, the degradation rate constant of the neutral lipid compound with different molecular structure was not small, indicating that the existence of the benthic animal weakened the molecular structure of the neutral lipid compound to its own.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X55;Q958.8
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 劉勇;線薇薇;孫世春;吳耀泉;;長(zhǎng)江口及其鄰近海域大型底棲動(dòng)物生物量、豐度和次級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的初步研究[J];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2008年05期
2 王興強(qiáng),曹梅,閻斌倫;刀額新對(duì)蝦的生物學(xué)特性及低鹽度養(yǎng)殖研究進(jìn)展[J];水產(chǎn)科技情報(bào);2005年04期
本文編號(hào)：2438965
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/haiyang/2438965.html
最近更新
教材專(zhuān)著
