基于海島直流納電網(wǎng)波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-08 16:34
【摘要】：我國(guó)海域波浪能流密度較低,將使波浪能發(fā)電成本較大,其應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合首選用電成本高昂的島礁和海上儀器等。偏遠(yuǎn)島礁和海上儀器等海上孤立用戶缺乏土地資源,處于海洋特殊環(huán)境,難于發(fā)展太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和生物質(zhì)能等其他可再生能源,其能源解決方案首選海洋波浪能。因此,波能裝置為海上孤立用戶供電是雙向選擇的結(jié)果。綜合考慮波浪資源、海洋工程和運(yùn)行維護(hù)等因素,單體波能裝置供電能力是有限的。為了滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的海上孤立用戶用電需求,投放波能裝置群,建立波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)是有效途徑之一。波浪運(yùn)動(dòng)具有往復(fù)特性,波能裝置輸出功率波動(dòng)較大。海島等孤立用戶微電網(wǎng)體量十分微小,抵抗電源沖擊能力十分有限。因此,波能裝置群的并網(wǎng)接入方式、波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定供電方式、波能裝置發(fā)電系統(tǒng)特性、饋網(wǎng)變換器及其控制策略和波能裝置監(jiān)控等都是建立波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)急需解決的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。波能裝置發(fā)電系統(tǒng)特性是研究波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)并網(wǎng)接入方式和波能裝置饋網(wǎng)變換器的基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)建模、推理、仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)等研究方法,取得了波能裝置液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)電阻負(fù)載模式和電壓負(fù)載模式的特性公式,通過(guò)分析得出液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)具有“電流源”特性,并據(jù)此提出直流納電網(wǎng)技術(shù)。直流納電網(wǎng)是在交流微電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,由部分發(fā)電設(shè)備采用直流方式并網(wǎng),與儲(chǔ)能設(shè)備和直流用戶等共同組成的相對(duì)獨(dú)立的更小一級(jí)的直流電網(wǎng)。在波浪能直流納電網(wǎng)中,波能裝置群采用直流接入方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)海底電纜直流輸電和海上可靠并聯(lián);蓄電池組提供直流母線,吸收波能裝置群的功率波動(dòng);納電網(wǎng)逆變器向海島微電網(wǎng)供電,提供穩(wěn)定可調(diào)度的電力。此外,直流納電網(wǎng)技術(shù)方案使波浪能發(fā)電電力變換環(huán)節(jié)減少,使延遲消耗電力的路由效率提高10%以上。雖然液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)通過(guò)不控整流可以直接并入直流納電網(wǎng),穩(wěn)定可靠,但是液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速不可調(diào)節(jié)、液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)配置不靈活等。引入交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)BOOST饋網(wǎng)變換器,通過(guò)建模和推理,建立了液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速閉環(huán)控制結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)速控制。從液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的輸出功率與轉(zhuǎn)速成正比的特性推出,液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有最大輸出功率。提出液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)饋網(wǎng)變換器采用最大效率轉(zhuǎn)化控制策略。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)訓(xùn)練方法取得液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)最佳壓力——轉(zhuǎn)速曲線,饋網(wǎng)變換器控制液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在每個(gè)完整發(fā)電周期都工作在最佳壓力——轉(zhuǎn)速曲線,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)最大效率轉(zhuǎn)化控制。此外,針對(duì)饋網(wǎng)變換器相控整流的缺陷,引入了PWM高頻整流饋網(wǎng)變換器。建立了液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)PWM高頻整流數(shù)學(xué)模型和轉(zhuǎn)速外環(huán)定子電流內(nèi)環(huán)控制系統(tǒng),波能裝置饋網(wǎng)變換器同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了柔性整流和最高效率效率轉(zhuǎn)化。最后,采用冗余設(shè)計(jì)方法,針對(duì)波能裝置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的特定任務(wù)和特殊要求,完成了多臺(tái)波能裝置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。直流納電網(wǎng)的仿真結(jié)果和DWS波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)初步運(yùn)行實(shí)例證明,直流側(cè)納電網(wǎng)的功率波動(dòng)不影響交流側(cè)微電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,交流側(cè)微電網(wǎng)故障也不影響直流側(cè)納電網(wǎng)可再生能源的正常發(fā)電,這點(diǎn)對(duì)波浪能裝置群是非常重要的,因?yàn)橐簤喊l(fā)電系統(tǒng)不能空載運(yùn)行。直流納電網(wǎng)能解決波能裝置群能源合并和在微電網(wǎng)中穩(wěn)定供電的難題,同時(shí)滿足波能裝置饋網(wǎng)變換器高可靠性的要求。仿真結(jié)果表明,交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)BOOST變換器和PWM高頻整流器都實(shí)現(xiàn)了饋網(wǎng)變換器對(duì)波能裝置液壓發(fā)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)最高效率轉(zhuǎn)化控制。此外,PWM高頻整流還實(shí)現(xiàn)了液壓發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的柔性整流,輸出高品質(zhì)電能。多臺(tái)波能裝置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行結(jié)果表明,本文的波能裝置監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)針對(duì)性強(qiáng),設(shè)計(jì)完善,功能全面,性能可靠。因此,本文的研究成果在波浪能發(fā)電場(chǎng)直流納電網(wǎng)研建中將發(fā)揮重要作用,對(duì)提高波能裝置能量轉(zhuǎn)化總效率、提高波能裝置技術(shù)成熟度和波浪能開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The current density of wave energy in the sea area of our country is low, which will make the wave energy generate more cost. The marine isolated users such as remote island reefs and offshore instruments lack land resources, are in a special environment of the ocean, and are difficult to develop other renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy, and the energy solution is the preferred marine wave energy. Therefore, the wave energy device is the result of two-way selection for the power supply of the isolated user at sea. Considering the factors such as wave resources, ocean engineering and operation and maintenance, the power supply capacity of the single wave energy device is limited. In order to meet the increasing demand of power consumption of isolated users at sea, a group of wave energy devices is put in, which is one of the effective ways to set up wave energy. The wave motion has a reciprocating characteristic, and the output power of the wave energy device fluctuates greatly. The island and other isolated user micro-power grid is very small, and the resistance to the power supply is very limited. Therefore, the network access mode of the wave energy device group, the wave energy transmission electric field stable power supply mode, the wave energy device power generation system characteristic, the feed network converter, the control strategy and the wave energy device monitoring and the like are the key techniques for establishing the wave energy transmission electric field. The characteristics of the power generation system of the wave energy device are the basis for studying the grid-connected access mode of the wave energy transmission electric field and the wave energy device feed-in converter. Through the research methods of modeling, reasoning, simulation and experiment, the characteristic formula of the resistance load mode and the voltage load mode of the hydraulic power generation system of the wave energy device is obtained, and the "current source" characteristic of the hydraulic power generation system is obtained through the analysis, and the direct current system technology is proposed accordingly. The direct-current nano-power grid is a relatively independent and smaller-level direct-current network which is connected in a direct-current mode by a part of the power generation equipment in an alternating-current micro-power grid structure, and is composed of an energy storage device and a direct-current user and the like. in that wave energy direct current nano power network, the wave energy device group adopt a direct current access mode to realize the direct current transmission of the submarine cable and the reliable parallel at sea; the storage battery pack provides a direct current bus, and the power fluctuation of the wave energy device group is absorbed; and the nano-grid inverter supplies power to the island micro-power network, A stable and schedulable power is provided. In addition, that direct current network technology scheme reduce the power conversion link of the wave energy power generation, so that the route efficiency of the delay consume power is increased by more than 10%. Although the hydraulic power generation system can be directly integrated into the DC-DC power grid by the non-controlled rectification, it is stable and reliable, but the speed of the hydraulic power generation system is not adjustable, and the system configuration of the hydraulic power generation system is not flexible. In this paper, a staggered parallel BOOST feed-in converter is introduced, and a closed-loop control structure of the rotating speed of the hydraulic power generation system is established by modeling and reasoning, and the rotation speed control is realized. The hydraulic power generation system has no maximum output power from the characteristic that the output power of the hydraulic power generation system is directly proportional to the rotational speed. The maximum efficiency conversion control strategy for the feed-in converter of the hydraulic power generation system is proposed. The optimal pressure _ speed curve of the hydraulic power generation system is obtained by the experimental training method, and the feed net converter controls the hydraulic power generation system to work at the optimal pressure _ speed curve for each complete power generation cycle, and finally the maximum efficiency conversion control is realized. In addition, the PWM high-frequency rectification feed-in converter is introduced for the defect of phase-controlled rectification of the feed-in converter. The mathematical model of the PWM high-frequency rectification of the hydraulic power generation system and the inner loop control system of the stator current of the rotating speed outer ring are established, and the energy-feed converter of the wave energy device simultaneously realizes the conversion of the flexible rectification and the maximum efficiency. In the end, the design and implementation of the monitoring system of multiple wave energy devices is completed by using the redundant design method, aiming at the specific tasks and special requirements of the wave energy device monitoring system. The simulation results of the direct current system and the preliminary operation examples of the DWS wave energy transmission electric field show that the power fluctuation of the direct current side power grid does not affect the stable operation of the AC side micro power grid, the fault of the alternating current side micro power grid does not affect the normal power generation of the renewable energy of the direct current side nano power grid, This is of great importance to the wave energy device group because the hydraulic power generation system cannot be run at no load. The DC-DC network can solve the problem of the energy combination of the wave energy device group and the stable power supply in the micro-power grid, and simultaneously meet the requirements of high reliability of the wave energy device feed-in converter. The simulation results show that the staggered parallel BOOST converter and the PWM high-frequency rectifier realize the control of the rotating speed of the power generation system of the wave energy device by the feed-in converter, and finally realize the highest efficiency conversion control. In addition, the PWM high-frequency rectification also realizes the flexible rectification of the hydraulic power generation system and outputs high-quality electric energy. The operation results of the monitoring system of multiple wave energy devices show that the monitoring system of the wave energy device in this paper is strong in pertinence, perfect in design, complete in function and reliable in performance. Therefore, the research results in this paper will play an important role in the research and construction of the wave energy transmission electric field, which is of great significance to the improvement of the energy conversion total efficiency of the wave energy device and the improvement of the technology maturity of the wave energy device and the application of wave energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P743.2
本文編號(hào)：2436990
[Abstract]:The current density of wave energy in the sea area of our country is low, which will make the wave energy generate more cost. The marine isolated users such as remote island reefs and offshore instruments lack land resources, are in a special environment of the ocean, and are difficult to develop other renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy, and the energy solution is the preferred marine wave energy. Therefore, the wave energy device is the result of two-way selection for the power supply of the isolated user at sea. Considering the factors such as wave resources, ocean engineering and operation and maintenance, the power supply capacity of the single wave energy device is limited. In order to meet the increasing demand of power consumption of isolated users at sea, a group of wave energy devices is put in, which is one of the effective ways to set up wave energy. The wave motion has a reciprocating characteristic, and the output power of the wave energy device fluctuates greatly. The island and other isolated user micro-power grid is very small, and the resistance to the power supply is very limited. Therefore, the network access mode of the wave energy device group, the wave energy transmission electric field stable power supply mode, the wave energy device power generation system characteristic, the feed network converter, the control strategy and the wave energy device monitoring and the like are the key techniques for establishing the wave energy transmission electric field. The characteristics of the power generation system of the wave energy device are the basis for studying the grid-connected access mode of the wave energy transmission electric field and the wave energy device feed-in converter. Through the research methods of modeling, reasoning, simulation and experiment, the characteristic formula of the resistance load mode and the voltage load mode of the hydraulic power generation system of the wave energy device is obtained, and the "current source" characteristic of the hydraulic power generation system is obtained through the analysis, and the direct current system technology is proposed accordingly. The direct-current nano-power grid is a relatively independent and smaller-level direct-current network which is connected in a direct-current mode by a part of the power generation equipment in an alternating-current micro-power grid structure, and is composed of an energy storage device and a direct-current user and the like. in that wave energy direct current nano power network, the wave energy device group adopt a direct current access mode to realize the direct current transmission of the submarine cable and the reliable parallel at sea; the storage battery pack provides a direct current bus, and the power fluctuation of the wave energy device group is absorbed; and the nano-grid inverter supplies power to the island micro-power network, A stable and schedulable power is provided. In addition, that direct current network technology scheme reduce the power conversion link of the wave energy power generation, so that the route efficiency of the delay consume power is increased by more than 10%. Although the hydraulic power generation system can be directly integrated into the DC-DC power grid by the non-controlled rectification, it is stable and reliable, but the speed of the hydraulic power generation system is not adjustable, and the system configuration of the hydraulic power generation system is not flexible. In this paper, a staggered parallel BOOST feed-in converter is introduced, and a closed-loop control structure of the rotating speed of the hydraulic power generation system is established by modeling and reasoning, and the rotation speed control is realized. The hydraulic power generation system has no maximum output power from the characteristic that the output power of the hydraulic power generation system is directly proportional to the rotational speed. The maximum efficiency conversion control strategy for the feed-in converter of the hydraulic power generation system is proposed. The optimal pressure _ speed curve of the hydraulic power generation system is obtained by the experimental training method, and the feed net converter controls the hydraulic power generation system to work at the optimal pressure _ speed curve for each complete power generation cycle, and finally the maximum efficiency conversion control is realized. In addition, the PWM high-frequency rectification feed-in converter is introduced for the defect of phase-controlled rectification of the feed-in converter. The mathematical model of the PWM high-frequency rectification of the hydraulic power generation system and the inner loop control system of the stator current of the rotating speed outer ring are established, and the energy-feed converter of the wave energy device simultaneously realizes the conversion of the flexible rectification and the maximum efficiency. In the end, the design and implementation of the monitoring system of multiple wave energy devices is completed by using the redundant design method, aiming at the specific tasks and special requirements of the wave energy device monitoring system. The simulation results of the direct current system and the preliminary operation examples of the DWS wave energy transmission electric field show that the power fluctuation of the direct current side power grid does not affect the stable operation of the AC side micro power grid, the fault of the alternating current side micro power grid does not affect the normal power generation of the renewable energy of the direct current side nano power grid, This is of great importance to the wave energy device group because the hydraulic power generation system cannot be run at no load. The DC-DC network can solve the problem of the energy combination of the wave energy device group and the stable power supply in the micro-power grid, and simultaneously meet the requirements of high reliability of the wave energy device feed-in converter. The simulation results show that the staggered parallel BOOST converter and the PWM high-frequency rectifier realize the control of the rotating speed of the power generation system of the wave energy device by the feed-in converter, and finally realize the highest efficiency conversion control. In addition, the PWM high-frequency rectification also realizes the flexible rectification of the hydraulic power generation system and outputs high-quality electric energy. The operation results of the monitoring system of multiple wave energy devices show that the monitoring system of the wave energy device in this paper is strong in pertinence, perfect in design, complete in function and reliable in performance. Therefore, the research results in this paper will play an important role in the research and construction of the wave energy transmission electric field, which is of great significance to the improvement of the energy conversion total efficiency of the wave energy device and the improvement of the technology maturity of the wave energy device and the application of wave energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P743.2
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