【摘要】：受氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)的影響,中國海岸帶正在經(jīng)歷各種劇烈的變化,海灣形態(tài)變化是其中的一個(gè)重要方面�；诘匦螆D資料與遙感影像提取20世紀(jì)40年代初至2014年7個(gè)時(shí)相的中國大陸沿海主要海灣的空間信息,進(jìn)而分析海灣岸線類型結(jié)構(gòu)、開發(fā)利用程度和空間位置的變化特征,以及海灣面積、形狀和重心分布的變化特征。結(jié)果表明,20世紀(jì)40年代初以來,中國大陸沿海主要海灣的形態(tài)變化顯著且復(fù)雜,主要體現(xiàn)為:海灣岸線的結(jié)構(gòu)變化顯著,自然岸線的長(zhǎng)度和比例急劇減少;海灣岸線的開發(fā)利用程度持續(xù)增強(qiáng);海灣岸線普遍背陸向海運(yùn)動(dòng);海灣面積普遍大幅萎縮;海灣形狀總體趨向復(fù)雜但個(gè)體間的差異在縮小;海灣重心分布位置普遍背陸向海遷移;海灣變化具有顯著的時(shí)空差異性等�？偟膩碚f,以圍填海為主的人類活動(dòng)是導(dǎo)致海灣發(fā)生上述變化特征的主要原因。通過研究,指出應(yīng)該對(duì)中國的海灣進(jìn)行功能定位劃分和分類管理,通過強(qiáng)化以海灣為基本單元的管理,促進(jìn)中國海岸帶綜合管理能力的提高和管理目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of climate change and human activities, the coastal zone of China is undergoing a variety of drastic changes, among which the change of Gulf morphology is one of the important aspects. Based on topographic map data and remote sensing images, the spatial information of the main coastal bays in the mainland of China from the beginning of 1940s to 2014 was extracted, and then the type structure of the shoreline of the gulf, the variation characteristics of the exploitation and utilization degree and the spatial location were analyzed. As well as the bay area, shape and center of gravity distribution change characteristics. The results show that since the early 1940s, the morphological changes of the main coastal bays in the mainland of China are significant and complex, mainly as follows: the structural changes of the gulf shoreline are remarkable, and the length and proportion of the natural shoreline decrease sharply; The exploitation and utilization of the Gulf coastline has been continuously strengthened; the Gulf shoreline is generally moving back to the sea; the Gulf area is generally shrinking; the shape of the Gulf is generally complex but the differences among individuals are shrinking. The distribution of the barycenter of the bay is generally carried out on the back of the land to the sea, and the variation of the bay has significant temporal and spatial differences. Generally speaking, the reclamations are the main causes of these changes in the gulf. Through the research, it is pointed out that the function orientation and classification management should be carried out on the gulf of China, and the comprehensive management ability of coastal zone in China should be improved and the management goal should be realized by strengthening the management of the gulf as the basic unit.
【作者單位】： 中國科學(xué)院煙臺(tái)海岸帶研究所;中國科學(xué)院海岸帶環(huán)境過程與生態(tài)修復(fù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31461143032) 中國科學(xué)院重點(diǎn)部署項(xiàng)目(KZZD-EW-TZ-15,KZZD-EW-14);中國科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專項(xiàng)子課題(XDA05130703)~~
【分類號(hào)】：P737.1

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