【摘要】：海岸帶是陸地和海洋相互作用的過渡地帶,巖石圈、水圈、大氣圈和生物圈在此交匯,是地球系統(tǒng)中最具有生機和活力的區(qū)域之一。隨著沿海地區(qū)城市化進程的加快,人類的社會經(jīng)濟生活對海岸帶的依賴程度逐漸增加,加大了對海岸帶的開發(fā)利用,日照海岸帶的景觀格局發(fā)生了明顯的變化。國外的研究表明景觀格局的空間變化主要表現(xiàn)為景觀斑塊的形狀、面積大小和空間組合的變化,并通過景觀格局指數(shù)分析不同景觀類型內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征和空間組合關系。也有部分專家利用景觀格局指數(shù)定量反映景觀格局的現(xiàn)狀及其變化過程。本研究通過分析日照市海岸帶景觀格局時空演變特征,研究結(jié)果將對日照海岸帶生態(tài)環(huán)境保護、海岸帶綜合管理與海岸帶開發(fā)提供決策支持。本文基于RS、GIS技術(shù)對1991年、2003年、2015年的遙感影像進行解譯分析,并根據(jù)實地考察的測量結(jié)果及實地測量分析進行了分類,應用景觀格局指數(shù)、動態(tài)度、景觀轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣、格網(wǎng)化和景觀梯度等方法,對日照海岸帶景觀格局時空演變過程進行研究。研究結(jié)果表明:1991-2015年日照海岸帶研究區(qū)的景觀類型變化顯著,耕地、林地、水體的面積逐年減少,建設用地、未利用地的面積不斷擴大。日照海岸帶研究區(qū)內(nèi)的景觀格局指數(shù)表明,景觀多樣性指數(shù)(SHDI)和均勻度(SHEI)逐年增加,研究區(qū)內(nèi)景觀要素豐富度增加,有均勻分布的趨勢;景觀聚合指數(shù)(AI)和景觀聚集度(CONTAG)逐漸降低,各景觀類型在空間上趨于分散;景觀形狀指數(shù)逐年增加,經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和城市化進程加快等人類活動對研究區(qū)域的干擾加強。運用景觀轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣、格網(wǎng)化和景觀梯度對日照海岸帶研究區(qū)景觀類型時空演變分析結(jié)果表明,從數(shù)量、速度、結(jié)構(gòu)三方面的反映景觀格局變化的特征。景觀格局變化的空間位置分布廣泛,區(qū)域差異明顯,主要集中在城市周圍;耕地斑塊面積逐年減少;建筑用地面積逐年增加,居民點用地增加顯著;林地、水域面積緩慢減少。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is the transition zone between land and ocean, where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere meet. It is one of the most dynamic and dynamic regions in the earth system. With the acceleration of urbanization in coastal areas, the dependence of human social and economic life on the coastal zone increases gradually, and the exploitation and utilization of the coastal zone are increased. The landscape pattern of the coastal zone in Rizhao has changed obviously. Foreign studies show that the spatial change of landscape pattern is mainly the change of landscape patch shape, area size and spatial combination, and the internal structural characteristics and spatial combination relationship of different landscape types are analyzed by landscape pattern index. Some experts use landscape pattern index to quantitatively reflect the present situation of landscape pattern and its changing process. Through analyzing the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of coastal landscape pattern in Rizhao City, the results will provide decision support for ecological environment protection, integrated coastal zone management and coastal zone development in Rizhao coastal zone. In this paper, the remote sensing images of 1991, 2003 and 2015 were interpreted and analyzed based on RS,GIS technology, and were classified according to the field survey results and field measurement analysis. The landscape pattern index, dynamic degree and landscape transfer matrix were applied. The temporal and spatial evolution of landscape pattern in Rizhao coastal zone was studied by grid and landscape gradient. The results show that the landscape types of Rizhao coastal zone changed significantly from 1991 to 2015, the area of cultivated land, woodland and water decreased year by year, and the area of construction land and unused land expanded continuously. The landscape pattern index of Rizhao coastal zone shows that the landscape diversity index (SHDI) and evenness (SHEI) (SHEI) increase year by year. The landscape aggregation index (AI) and the landscape aggregation degree (CONTAG) decreased gradually, and the landscape types tended to disperse in space. The landscape shape index increases year by year, and the human activities such as the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process strengthen the interference of human activities to the study area. Using landscape transfer matrix, grid and landscape gradient to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape types in Rizhao coastal zone study area, the results show that the characteristics of landscape pattern change are reflected in three aspects: quantity, speed and structure. The spatial distribution of landscape pattern change is wide, the regional difference is obvious, mainly concentrated around the city; the cultivated land patch area decreases year by year; the building land area increases year by year, the residential land area increases significantly; the woodland area, the water area slowly reduces.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901;P748

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