【摘要】：海嘯在長距離的傳播過程中,與其所誘發(fā)的大氣重力波的波陣面特征前后連貫一致。同時大氣重力波在向上傳播過程中,其振幅隨高度呈指數(shù)性增長,因此在高層大氣中提高了其被探測的可能性。本文選取2011年日本海嘯及2004年蘇門答臘海嘯作為中緯度與低緯度的研究事件,建立各自的海嘯波模型,并通過全波模型及二維非線性時變模型對此進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,進(jìn)而分析海嘯所誘發(fā)的不同特性波在粘滯、且含風(fēng)場的中性大氣層中的擾動響應(yīng)。本文的研究可為今后在大氣電離層中探測到此類重力波提供必要的支持,也可為遠(yuǎn)洋海嘯的離岸探測開辟新的應(yīng)用途徑。由于海嘯所誘發(fā)的大氣重力波對電離層E區(qū)及以下高度的大氣層擾動響應(yīng)受磁場影響較小,因此電離層E區(qū)的擾動情況在一定程度上能夠反映海嘯波動。本文通過對比分析不同特性的重力波對大氣層的擾動響應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)日本海嘯的模擬結(jié)果能夠很好地解釋所觀測到的TIDs在震中西北方向出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)烈擾動現(xiàn)象。模擬進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)在海嘯發(fā)生后約50min,西北向傳播的重力波對大氣層產(chǎn)生的最快響應(yīng)應(yīng)該作用于E區(qū)電離層,F區(qū)電離層的擾動響應(yīng)應(yīng)該以東南向傳播的快波為主。而位于低緯度的蘇門答臘海嘯,其震源朝N250°E方向傳播的重力波對低熱層大氣的擾動響應(yīng)較大。在高熱層大氣中,朝N340°E方向傳播的重力波的粘滯耗散較小,相比較于向N250°E傳播的重力波,更易于在F區(qū)電離層上觀測到。以上模擬結(jié)果的前提是將整個大氣層視為中性狀態(tài),不考慮大氣分子的電離情況。大氣重力波對F區(qū)電離層的擾動響應(yīng)由于受到地磁場的作用,應(yīng)具有緯度相關(guān)性。因此未來需要充分考慮中性粒子與電離層離子間的化學(xué)反應(yīng)及動力耦合過程,并通過電離層耦合模型進(jìn)一步研究大氣重力波對電離層的擾動響應(yīng),進(jìn)而針對性的研究緯度相關(guān)性是很有必要的。
[Abstract]:During the long distance propagation of tsunami, it is consistent with the wave front characteristics of atmospheric gravity wave induced by tsunami. At the same time, the amplitude of atmospheric gravity wave increases exponentially with the height during its upward propagation, so the probability of its detection is improved in the upper atmosphere. In this paper, the Japanese tsunami of 2011 and the Sumatra tsunami of 2004 are selected as the research events of mid-latitude and low-latitude, and their tsunami wave models are established, and the numerical simulation is carried out through full-wave model and two-dimensional nonlinear time-varying model. Furthermore, the disturbance response of different characteristic waves induced by tsunami in the viscous and wind-contained neutral atmosphere is analyzed. The research in this paper can provide the necessary support for the detection of such gravity waves in the atmospheric ionosphere in the future, and also open a new way for offshore exploration of ocean-going tsunamis. Because the atmospheric gravity wave induced by the tsunami is less affected by the magnetic field to the atmospheric disturbance in the ionospheric E region and below, the disturbance in the ionospheric E region can reflect the tsunami wave to a certain extent. By comparing and analyzing the response of gravity waves with different characteristics to the atmospheric disturbance, it is found that the simulated results of the Japanese tsunami can explain the strong disturbance phenomenon observed in the northwestern direction of the epicenter of the Japanese tsunami. It is further found that, about 50 minutes after the tsunami, the fastest response of the gravity wave propagating in the northwest direction to the atmosphere should act on the ionosphere in region E, and the disturbance response of the ionosphere in region F should be dominated by the fast wave propagating in the southeast direction. However, the gravity waves propagating towards N 250 擄E in the Sumatra tsunami at low latitudes are more responsive to the disturbances in the lower thermosphere atmosphere. In the atmosphere of high thermosphere, the viscosity dissipation of gravity wave propagating towards N340 擄E is smaller, which is more easily observed in the ionosphere of F region than the gravity wave propagating to N250 擄E. The premise of the above simulation is that the whole atmosphere is regarded as a neutral state, and the ionization of atmospheric molecules is not considered. The response of atmospheric gravity wave to the ionospheric disturbance in region F should be latitude dependent due to the effect of geomagnetic field. Therefore, the chemical reaction and dynamic coupling between neutral particles and ionospheric ions should be fully considered in the future, and the response of atmospheric gravity waves to ionospheric disturbances should be further studied by the ionospheric coupling model. It is necessary to study the correlation of latitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P352;P731.25

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本文編號：2378619