【摘要】：海嘯災(zāi)害破壞性極強(qiáng),對(duì)海嘯的預(yù)警技術(shù)的研究非常緊迫。水位檢測(cè)是預(yù)警海嘯一個(gè)重要手段,傳統(tǒng)的水位檢測(cè)技術(shù)不能滿足海洋水位的監(jiān)測(cè)需求,因此需研究新的測(cè)量方法使得監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果更加實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確,從而達(dá)到防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的目的。光纖傳感技術(shù)應(yīng)用于水位的檢測(cè)已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì),光纖水位傳感器是一種新型的水位測(cè)量技術(shù),它具有抗電磁干擾、抗化學(xué)腐蝕、精度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),并可應(yīng)用在十分復(fù)雜的海洋環(huán)境中,具有很高的科研價(jià)值和實(shí)用性。首先,在深入研究光纖干涉水位傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,從理論角度出發(fā),介紹了光波的干涉原理以及光纖應(yīng)力應(yīng)變過(guò)程中光波相位的調(diào)制原理;推導(dǎo)了水位與光波的相位變化之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系;分析了3*3耦合器耦合特性,得出輸出的光存在2?3的相位差的結(jié)論,并依此特性建立了可判向的馬赫-曾德爾(Mach-Zehnder)干涉型光纖水位檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。然后,鑒于信號(hào)解調(diào)模塊是系統(tǒng)的重要部分,本文在完成了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)硬件制備的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了采用動(dòng)態(tài)雙閾值條紋計(jì)數(shù)檢測(cè)法應(yīng)用于系統(tǒng)的信號(hào)解調(diào),在提高系統(tǒng)的分辨率的同時(shí)也降低了對(duì)傳感探頭動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的要求;系統(tǒng)利用虛擬儀器將計(jì)算機(jī)和硬件模塊結(jié)合起來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)了相位信號(hào)解調(diào)和水位信息的實(shí)時(shí)顯示。與傳統(tǒng)的電路計(jì)數(shù)方法相比,軟件解調(diào)方法可降低制作成本,縮短系統(tǒng)制作周期;也可避免硬件電路引入的電噪聲,使信號(hào)處理變得更加靈活。最后,進(jìn)行了光纖水位檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件解調(diào)方案的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和信號(hào)分析表明,該水位傳感系統(tǒng)的線性相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到0.99991;經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算模擬,得到系統(tǒng)最高分辨率為1.59 mm,測(cè)量精度為滿量程的0.01%,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的精度指標(biāo)。由此證明,基于光纖干涉法的高精度水位檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件解調(diào)方案是可行的,其廣闊的應(yīng)用前景非常值得我們深入的研究。
[Abstract]:Tsunami disaster is extremely destructive, and the research of tsunami warning technology is very urgent. Water level detection is an important means of tsunami warning. Traditional water level detection technology can not meet the needs of ocean water level monitoring, so it is necessary to study new measuring methods to make the monitoring results more real-time and accurate, so as to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation. The application of optical fiber sensing technology in water level detection has become a trend. Fiber optic water level sensor is a new type of water level measurement technology, which has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, anti-chemical corrosion, high precision and so on. It can be used in very complex marine environment and has high scientific research value and practicability. Firstly, on the basis of deeply studying the structure design and working principle of optical fiber interferometric water level sensor, the interference principle of optical wave and the modulation principle of optical wave phase in the process of stress and strain of optical fiber are introduced from the theoretical point of view. The functional relationship between the water level and the phase change of light wave is derived. Based on the analysis of the coupling characteristics of the 3 ~ (3) coupler, the conclusion that the output light has a phase difference of 2 ~ (3) is obtained. According to this characteristic, a discriminable Mach-Zehnder interferometric optical fiber water level detection system is established. Then, in view of the signal demodulation module is an important part of the system, based on the completion of the experimental hardware preparation, a dynamic dual-threshold fringe count detection method is proposed for the signal demodulation of the system. At the same time, the resolution of the system is improved and the dynamic range of the sensor is reduced. The system combines the computer and hardware module with virtual instrument to realize the demodulation of phase signal and the real-time display of water level information. Compared with the traditional circuit counting method, the software demodulation method can reduce the production cost and shorten the production cycle of the system. It can also avoid the electrical noise from the hardware circuit and make the signal processing more flexible. Finally, the experimental results and signal analysis show that the linear correlation coefficient of the water level sensing system is 0.9991. Through the calculation and simulation, the system with the highest resolution of 1. 59 mm, is obtained, and the precision of the system is 0. 01, which reaches the expected precision index. It is proved that the software demodulation scheme of high precision water level detection system based on fiber-optic interferometry is feasible, and its broad application prospect is worthy of further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P731.25;P714.1

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