廣西北部灣風(fēng)暴潮的數(shù)值模擬
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-19 17:07
【摘要】：風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害是廣西沿海主要的海洋災(zāi)害,由于地處北部灣灣頂,獨(dú)特的地理特征使得廣西風(fēng)暴潮不同于我國(guó)其他海岸風(fēng)暴潮。通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬對(duì)風(fēng)暴潮對(duì)北部灣的風(fēng)暴潮進(jìn)行研究,有助于加深對(duì)北部灣風(fēng)暴潮地域特點(diǎn)及其動(dòng)力機(jī)制的理解。本文利用廣西沿海部分氣象站2012年13次臺(tái)風(fēng)“啟德”過(guò)境期間的風(fēng)速風(fēng)向觀測(cè)資料,反演建立了一個(gè)合理的理想臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)場(chǎng);同時(shí)建立了一個(gè)模擬結(jié)果良好的北部灣的FVCOM潮汐模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了廣西北部灣FVCOM風(fēng)暴潮-潮汐耦合模型,對(duì)1213次“啟德”臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮進(jìn)行了純風(fēng)暴潮以及風(fēng)暴潮-潮汐耦合的模擬,并利用水位資料對(duì)其進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。1213次臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)暴潮模擬結(jié)果顯示:本次臺(tái)風(fēng)主要作用于北部灣北部海區(qū),主要增減水區(qū)域?yàn)閺V西沿海以及越南北部沿海,臺(tái)風(fēng)過(guò)程對(duì)于水體的“攪拌”作用可影響至全灣,但在北部海區(qū)余流響應(yīng)更明顯,底層海水也受到劇烈的影響。海灣增減水分布以及流場(chǎng)分布與臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及路徑特點(diǎn)相對(duì)應(yīng)。本文也利用北部灣FVCOM風(fēng)暴潮模型對(duì)北部灣風(fēng)暴潮進(jìn)行了理想風(fēng)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),以論證廣西北部灣風(fēng)暴增水強(qiáng)度與入侵熱帶氣旋路徑,移速,強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明:西北行熱帶氣旋對(duì)北部灣作用時(shí)間較短,氣旋過(guò)后北部灣風(fēng)向迅速由穩(wěn)定東北風(fēng)變?yōu)榉�(wěn)定的西南風(fēng),風(fēng)向與海灣軸線一致,有利于海水在灣頂集聚,并且由于移動(dòng)方向?yàn)槲鞅狈较?使得西風(fēng),南風(fēng)加強(qiáng),加強(qiáng)的南風(fēng)使得風(fēng)暴增水進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。西行熱帶氣旋對(duì)北部灣作用時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),并且北部灣長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是處于臺(tái)風(fēng)上或者臺(tái)風(fēng)下,受到南北風(fēng)的同時(shí)影響,海區(qū)增減水不一致,海水難以大規(guī)模迅速集聚形成較高的風(fēng)暴增水,增水幅度小,擾動(dòng)多。北部灣風(fēng)暴增減水大小與風(fēng)暴移速大小之間并不存在簡(jiǎn)單的相關(guān)關(guān)系:一方面,隨著氣旋移速變大,氣旋風(fēng)場(chǎng)在氣旋移動(dòng)方向上的分量增加,這可能有利于風(fēng)暴增減水;另一方面,氣旋移速變大,其影響北部灣時(shí)間較短,風(fēng)時(shí)較短又不利于風(fēng)暴增減水的增加;同時(shí)隨著風(fēng)暴移速變化,風(fēng)暴潮過(guò)程波動(dòng)周期發(fā)生變化,風(fēng)暴潮潮位波動(dòng)與海岸回潮波之間波波相互作用也發(fā)生變化,實(shí)際潮位也會(huì)隨之發(fā)生變化。臺(tái)風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的加強(qiáng)會(huì)加強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴增水振幅,并不影響風(fēng)暴潮頻率。各站點(diǎn)增減水的差異也體現(xiàn)了北部灣地形對(duì)于風(fēng)暴潮的影響,總體上表現(xiàn)為海灣增水強(qiáng),開闊海岸增水較弱,海區(qū)增水最小的趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)北部灣海灣狹長(zhǎng)封閉的地理特征,也導(dǎo)致了海灣回潮波的影響較為明顯,北部灣風(fēng)暴增水曲線表現(xiàn)出余振時(shí)間長(zhǎng),主振擾動(dòng)多的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Storm surge is the main marine disaster along the coast of Guangxi. Because it is located at the top of Beibu Bay, the storm surge in Guangxi is different from other coastal storm surges in China because of its unique geographical features. The study of storm surge in Beibu Gulf by numerical simulation is helpful to understand the regional characteristics and dynamic mechanism of storm surge in Beibu Gulf. Based on the observation data of wind speed and wind direction during the 13 Typhoon Qide transit in 2012, a reasonable ideal typhoon wind field has been established in this paper. At the same time, a FVCOM tidal model of Beibu Gulf with good simulation results is established. On the basis of this, the coupling model of FVCOM storm surge and tide in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi is established. The pure storm surge and the coupling between storm surge and tide are simulated for 1213 typhoon storm surges in Qide, Guangxi. The simulation results of 1213 typhoon storm surges show that the typhoon mainly acts on the northern sea area of Beibu Gulf, and the main areas of increasing and decreasing water are Guangxi coast and the northern coast of Vietnam. The "stirring" effect of typhoon on the water body can be affected to the whole bay, but the response of residual current in the northern sea area is more obvious, and the bottom seawater is also strongly affected. The distribution of increasing and decreasing water in the bay and the distribution of current field correspond to the structure of typhoon wind field and the characteristics of typhoon track. In this paper, the ideal wind field experiment of storm surge in Beibu Gulf is also carried out by using the FVCOM storm surge model in the Beibu Gulf, in order to demonstrate the relationship between the water increasing intensity of the storm and the track, velocity and intensity of the tropical cyclone invading in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi. The results show that the northwestbound tropical cyclone acts on the Beibu Gulf for a short time. After the cyclone, the wind direction of the Beibu Gulf changes rapidly from a stable northeast wind to a stable southwest wind, and the wind direction is consistent with the Gulf axis, which is conducive to the concentration of sea water at the top of the bay. And because the direction of movement is northwest, the westerly and southerly winds are strengthened, and the strengthened south wind makes the storm increase water further. The westbound tropical cyclone acts on the Beibu Gulf for a long time, and the Beibu Gulf is on or under the typhoon for a long time, affected by the north and south winds simultaneously, and the increase and decrease of water in the sea area are not consistent. It is difficult for sea water to gather rapidly in a large scale to form a higher storm water increase, with small increase range and more disturbance. There is not a simple correlation between the increase and decrease of storm water and the speed of storm movement in Beibu Gulf. On the one hand, with the increase of cyclone velocity, the component of cyclone field increases in the direction of cyclone movement, which may be beneficial to the increase and decrease of storm water. On the other hand, the speed of cyclone moving becomes larger, which affects the Beibu Gulf for a short time, and the shorter wind time is not conducive to the increase of storm water supply. At the same time, with the change of storm velocity, the fluctuation period of storm surge process changes, the interaction between storm surge level fluctuation and coastal backtide wave also changes, and the actual tide level also changes. The increase of typhoon intensity will increase the amplitude of storm water, and will not affect the frequency of storm surge. The difference of increasing and decreasing water at different stations also reflects the influence of the topography of Beibu Gulf on storm surge. The general trend is that the increase of water in the bay is strong, the increase in water in the open coast is weak, and the increase in water in the sea area is the least. At the same time, the geographical characteristics of the narrow and narrow gulf of Beibu Gulf also lead to the obvious influence of the backtide waves in the Gulf. The water increasing curve of the Beibu Gulf Storm shows the characteristics of Yu Zhen long time and many main vibration disturbances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P731.23
本文編號(hào)：2342905
[Abstract]:Storm surge is the main marine disaster along the coast of Guangxi. Because it is located at the top of Beibu Bay, the storm surge in Guangxi is different from other coastal storm surges in China because of its unique geographical features. The study of storm surge in Beibu Gulf by numerical simulation is helpful to understand the regional characteristics and dynamic mechanism of storm surge in Beibu Gulf. Based on the observation data of wind speed and wind direction during the 13 Typhoon Qide transit in 2012, a reasonable ideal typhoon wind field has been established in this paper. At the same time, a FVCOM tidal model of Beibu Gulf with good simulation results is established. On the basis of this, the coupling model of FVCOM storm surge and tide in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi is established. The pure storm surge and the coupling between storm surge and tide are simulated for 1213 typhoon storm surges in Qide, Guangxi. The simulation results of 1213 typhoon storm surges show that the typhoon mainly acts on the northern sea area of Beibu Gulf, and the main areas of increasing and decreasing water are Guangxi coast and the northern coast of Vietnam. The "stirring" effect of typhoon on the water body can be affected to the whole bay, but the response of residual current in the northern sea area is more obvious, and the bottom seawater is also strongly affected. The distribution of increasing and decreasing water in the bay and the distribution of current field correspond to the structure of typhoon wind field and the characteristics of typhoon track. In this paper, the ideal wind field experiment of storm surge in Beibu Gulf is also carried out by using the FVCOM storm surge model in the Beibu Gulf, in order to demonstrate the relationship between the water increasing intensity of the storm and the track, velocity and intensity of the tropical cyclone invading in the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi. The results show that the northwestbound tropical cyclone acts on the Beibu Gulf for a short time. After the cyclone, the wind direction of the Beibu Gulf changes rapidly from a stable northeast wind to a stable southwest wind, and the wind direction is consistent with the Gulf axis, which is conducive to the concentration of sea water at the top of the bay. And because the direction of movement is northwest, the westerly and southerly winds are strengthened, and the strengthened south wind makes the storm increase water further. The westbound tropical cyclone acts on the Beibu Gulf for a long time, and the Beibu Gulf is on or under the typhoon for a long time, affected by the north and south winds simultaneously, and the increase and decrease of water in the sea area are not consistent. It is difficult for sea water to gather rapidly in a large scale to form a higher storm water increase, with small increase range and more disturbance. There is not a simple correlation between the increase and decrease of storm water and the speed of storm movement in Beibu Gulf. On the one hand, with the increase of cyclone velocity, the component of cyclone field increases in the direction of cyclone movement, which may be beneficial to the increase and decrease of storm water. On the other hand, the speed of cyclone moving becomes larger, which affects the Beibu Gulf for a short time, and the shorter wind time is not conducive to the increase of storm water supply. At the same time, with the change of storm velocity, the fluctuation period of storm surge process changes, the interaction between storm surge level fluctuation and coastal backtide wave also changes, and the actual tide level also changes. The increase of typhoon intensity will increase the amplitude of storm water, and will not affect the frequency of storm surge. The difference of increasing and decreasing water at different stations also reflects the influence of the topography of Beibu Gulf on storm surge. The general trend is that the increase of water in the bay is strong, the increase in water in the open coast is weak, and the increase in water in the sea area is the least. At the same time, the geographical characteristics of the narrow and narrow gulf of Beibu Gulf also lead to the obvious influence of the backtide waves in the Gulf. The water increasing curve of the Beibu Gulf Storm shows the characteristics of Yu Zhen long time and many main vibration disturbances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P731.23
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