【摘要】：人類(lèi)在開(kāi)發(fā)利用海洋資源的過(guò)程中,對(duì)于波浪特征要素的描述是最基本,也是最重要的。本文主要針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)波浪測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行了研究,并將其應(yīng)用于大比尺波浪水槽中。首先,本文對(duì)現(xiàn)存的,可應(yīng)用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)的各種波浪測(cè)量方法進(jìn)行了適應(yīng)性分析,從其工作原理出發(fā),主要從應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合、測(cè)量范圍和精度、穩(wěn)定性、耐耗性、維修保養(yǎng)等方面進(jìn)行分析,得出優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì),進(jìn)一步提出一種新的實(shí)驗(yàn)室波浪測(cè)量方法——基于光學(xué)的波浪測(cè)量方法。其次,介紹光學(xué)測(cè)量波浪的原理:在水槽上邊緣俯視拍攝波浪表面和水槽側(cè)壁,通過(guò)獲取圖像,判斷波面附近灰度值變化來(lái)識(shí)別波面高度。從此原理出發(fā),進(jìn)行了攝像機(jī)的選取、鏡頭選取、設(shè)備搭建、刻度尺標(biāo)注與標(biāo)定、圖像感興趣區(qū)域提取、圖像灰度化處理、圖像平滑濾波、利用背景差分法進(jìn)行波面高度識(shí)別、利用上跨零點(diǎn)法將圖像處理結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為波浪的特征要素。最終,利用相同位置電阻式波高傳感器和基于光學(xué)的波浪測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,得出結(jié)論:基于光學(xué)的波浪測(cè)量方法的精度可達(dá)到3mm(鏡頭焦距為8mm的情況下),采樣頻率為25幀/秒,完全滿(mǎn)足實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)常見(jiàn)的線性波和非線性波的采樣要求。再次,利用光學(xué)測(cè)量的波高結(jié)果,對(duì)波浪特性進(jìn)行分析,主要包括:波浪形態(tài)分析:利用兩個(gè)測(cè)量點(diǎn)時(shí)間域上的波浪形態(tài)進(jìn)行分析,得到整個(gè)大比尺波浪水槽中波浪的空間形態(tài),能夠更加直觀觀測(cè)到波浪在傳播過(guò)程中周期、波高等波浪要素的變化,通過(guò)不同測(cè)量點(diǎn)獲取的波浪空間形態(tài)對(duì)比,可以用來(lái)研究波浪在水槽方向傳播過(guò)程中能量的消耗程度。波群傳播過(guò)程分析:主要通過(guò)計(jì)算波群群性參數(shù)和波能過(guò)程線,得到波群在傳播過(guò)程中各參數(shù)的變化以及波能的變化,這將成為海洋工程建設(shè)中的重要參考因素。入反射分離分析:利用兩點(diǎn)法對(duì)兩個(gè)波浪測(cè)量點(diǎn)的結(jié)果進(jìn)行入反射波分離,推導(dǎo)出反射系數(shù),此系數(shù)是海洋與海岸水動(dòng)力的基礎(chǔ)研究、波浪與近岸防護(hù)建筑物之間相互影響研究中的主要參考數(shù)據(jù)。最終,對(duì)此光學(xué)測(cè)量波浪的方法進(jìn)行總結(jié),分析可能造成測(cè)量誤差的因素,指出有待改進(jìn)之處,并對(duì)其市場(chǎng)適應(yīng)性進(jìn)行分析。
[Abstract]:In the process of exploitation and utilization of marine resources, the description of wave characteristic elements is the most basic and important. In this paper, the method of wave measurement in laboratory is studied and applied to wave flume with large scale. First of all, this paper has carried on the adaptability analysis to the existing wave measurement method which can be used in the laboratory, from its working principle, mainly from the application situation, the measuring range and the precision, the stability, the consumption resistance, Based on the analysis of maintenance and repair, the advantages and disadvantages are obtained, and a new wave measurement method based on optics is proposed. Secondly, the principle of optical wave measurement is introduced: the wave surface and the side wall of the flume are photographed from the edge of the flume, and the height of the wave surface is identified by obtaining the image and judging the change of the gray value near the wave surface. Based on this principle, camera selection, lens selection, equipment construction, scale marking and calibration, region of interest extraction, image grayscale processing, image smoothing filtering, background differential method are used to recognize the height of wave surface. The result of image processing is transformed into the characteristic element of wave by the method of upper span zero. Finally, using the same position resistive wave height sensor and the wave measurement results based on optics, it is concluded that the accuracy of the wave measurement method based on optics can reach 3mm (when the lens focal length is 8mm). The sampling frequency is 25 frame / s, which fully meets the sampling requirements of linear and nonlinear waves in the laboratory. Thirdly, the wave characteristics are analyzed by using the wave height results of optical measurement, which mainly include: wave shape analysis: the analysis of wave shape at two measurement points in time domain. The spatial form of the wave in the wave tank with large scale is obtained. The wave period and the variation of the wave elements in the high wave can be observed more intuitively, and the wave spatial patterns obtained from different measuring points can be compared with each other. It can be used to study the energy consumption of waves propagating in the flume direction. Analysis of wave group propagation process: by calculating wave group parameters and wave energy process lines, the variation of wave group parameters and wave energy in the process of wave group propagation is obtained, which will become an important reference factor in ocean engineering construction. Analysis of the separation of two waves by two points method: the reflection coefficient is derived from the results of the two wave measurements, which is the basic research of the hydrodynamics of the ocean and the coast. The main reference data in the study of the interaction between waves and coastal protective buildings. Finally, the method of optical wave measurement is summarized, the factors that may cause the measurement error are analyzed, and the points for improvement are pointed out, and the market adaptability is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P714.1;TP391.41

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