【摘要】：對我們來說海洋領域是一個巨大的石油寶庫,蘊藏著我們意想不到的油氣資源。在最短的時間用最少的經(jīng)費開發(fā)出最多的石油資源,是我們的最終目標,只有這樣才能讓經(jīng)濟有效的發(fā)展,只有這樣才能減小我們在油氣資源方面的壓力。在深水油氣資源的勘探和開發(fā)中,我們可以看出深水鉆井是一個非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),可以說深水鉆井是深水開發(fā)的必要條件之一。由于海洋的地質條件比較復雜,而且和陸地上的地質環(huán)境不一樣,深水鉆井會受到諸多因素影響,深水鉆井面臨的許多問題是不可避免的,尤其是淺層地質災害中的天然氣水合物和淺水流,對深水鉆井作業(yè)將帶來很多問題。國外大量的深水鉆井作業(yè)實踐表明,鉆遇天然氣水合物、淺層氣及淺水流的深水表層鉆井是整個深水鉆井作業(yè)成敗最關鍵的環(huán)節(jié)之一,所以說對淺層地質災害的預測是非常有必要的。 隨著我國能源需求的不斷增加,石油工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,淺海及陸上可供勘探的油氣儲量越來越少,油氣勘探作業(yè)也將逐漸由灘海向海洋深水區(qū)域發(fā)展,因此,對我國石油勘探開發(fā)技術特別是深水鉆井作業(yè)技術提出了更多更高的要求。 深水環(huán)境的油氣田開發(fā)與常規(guī)的海洋油氣田開發(fā)具有較大的差異,我國深水的勘探工作正處于起步階段,雖然早已開展有關深水技術的系統(tǒng)研究,但是還沒有形成有效的到深水作業(yè)技術和理論體系,更沒有現(xiàn)場實際的作業(yè)經(jīng)驗可以提供和用作參考,要解決深水技術問題,只能依賴國外公司大量的昂貴協(xié)助。因此需要開展深水鉆井作業(yè)及其配套工藝技術方面的研究,并通過與國外公司的合作進行學習、模仿、引進然后掌握,才能形成具有特點的中國深水配套作業(yè)技術。 文章介紹了深水鉆井所面臨的淺層地質災害問題,分析了深水鉆井災害事故發(fā)生的現(xiàn)狀,對各種淺層地質災害的形成機理、危害做了詳細論述,在已有資料的基礎上,運用速度場技術,反演技術及屬性分析等技術對各種淺層地質災害的預測做了驗證�？偨Y出了一套淺層地質災害的預測流程。 通過對淺層地質災害的分析和研究,我們得出一套淺層地質災害的流程為：首先在收集資料和消化前人成果的基礎上對收集到的資料進行地震構造解釋及測井、地質研究；其次根據(jù)手上的資料情況,通過三瞬處理、屬性分析、反演、速度場技術及壓力預測等技術手段來識別淺層地質災害；最后通過淺層地質災害的一些響應來判斷災害的有無及災害可能出現(xiàn)的區(qū)段。
[Abstract]:For us, the ocean is a huge reservoir of oil and gas that we don't expect. It is our ultimate goal to develop the most oil resources with the least expense in the shortest time. Only in this way can the economy develop effectively and the pressure on our oil and gas resources be reduced. In the exploration and development of deep-water oil and gas resources, we can see that deep-water drilling is a very important link, it can be said that deep-water drilling is one of the necessary conditions for deep-water development. Because the geological conditions of the ocean are quite complex and different from the geological environment on land, deep-water drilling will be affected by many factors, and many problems faced by deep-water drilling are inevitable. In particular, gas hydrate and shallow water flow in shallow geological hazards will bring a lot of problems to deep water drilling. A large number of deep water drilling practices abroad show that the drilling of deep water surface layer with natural gas hydrate, shallow gas and shallow flow is one of the most critical links for the success or failure of the whole deep water drilling operation. Therefore, the prediction of shallow geological hazards is very necessary. With the continuous increase of energy demand and the development of petroleum industry in China, there are fewer and less oil and gas reserves available for exploration in shallow sea and onshore, and oil and gas exploration work will gradually develop from beach to deep sea area. More and higher requirements are put forward for petroleum exploration and development technology, especially for deep water drilling technology in China. The exploitation of oil and gas fields in deep water environment is quite different from that of conventional offshore oil and gas fields. The exploration work in deep water in China is in its infancy, although the systematic research on deep water technology has been carried out for a long time. However, there is no effective deep-water operation technology and theory system, and there is no practical operation experience in the field to provide and use for reference. In order to solve the deep-water technical problems, we can only rely on a large number of expensive assistance from foreign companies. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on deepwater drilling operation and its supporting technology, and to study, imitate, introduce and master the technology of deep-water drilling in China through the cooperation with foreign companies, in order to form the supporting technology of deep-water drilling in China with its characteristics. This paper introduces the problems of shallow geological hazards in deep water drilling, analyzes on the present situation of disaster accidents in deep water drilling, discusses in detail the formation mechanism and harm of various shallow geological disasters, and based on the existing data, makes a detailed discussion on the formation mechanism and harm of various shallow geological disasters. The prediction of various shallow geological hazards is verified by velocity field technique, inversion technique and attribute analysis. A set of forecasting flow of shallow geological hazard is summarized. Through the analysis and study of shallow geological hazards, we draw a set of process of shallow geological hazards: firstly, on the basis of collecting data and digesting the previous achievements, the collected data are interpreted by seismic structure, well logging and geological research; Secondly, according to the data on hand, the shallow geological hazards are identified by three instantaneous processing, attribute analysis, inversion, velocity field technology and pressure prediction. Finally, some responses of shallow geological hazards are used to judge the existence or absence of disasters and the possible zones of disasters.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TE58;P744.4

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