【摘要】：反滲透(RO)工藝憑借其對(duì)水中鹽類(lèi)及有機(jī)污染物優(yōu)異的去除效果而廣泛應(yīng)用于海水淡化和污水深度處理等領(lǐng)域。但此工藝在生成高品質(zhì)出水的同時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生約為進(jìn)水量30%的反滲透濃水(ROC),ROC中幾乎包含了進(jìn)水中所有的有機(jī)物,其中還可能包括一些環(huán)境優(yōu)先污染物,如果直接排放,這些物質(zhì)將會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響環(huán)境。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外處理ROC的工藝主要包括:石灰軟化、活性炭吸附、混凝沉淀、離子交換等傳統(tǒng)工藝以及臭氧、光催化、芬頓試劑和電化學(xué)氧化等高級(jí)氧化工藝,但這些工藝存在能耗高、處理效率低等問(wèn)題。本研究是采用粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附與微濾(MF)工藝聯(lián)用的技術(shù),即利用PAC去吸附ROC中的有機(jī)物,再通過(guò)MF膜使PAC從水相中分離,得到低有機(jī)物、低污泥密度指數(shù)(SDI)的出水,進(jìn)而可采用RO工藝進(jìn)一步回收淡水,提高RO系統(tǒng)的回收率。采用逆流吸附的操作方式能夠有效地降低PAC投加量。PAC累積四級(jí)逆流吸附-微濾組合工藝是對(duì)PAC吸附-微濾組合工藝的改進(jìn)。課題組的前期工作已經(jīng)證實(shí)PAC吸附-微濾組合工藝能夠有效地去除ROC中的有機(jī)物,降低出水濁度。但為了降低工藝成本,減少PAC投加量且盡量減少工藝產(chǎn)生的固體廢棄物,又探究PAC累積二級(jí)逆流吸附-微濾組合工藝以及PAC累積四級(jí)逆流吸附-微濾組合工藝對(duì)ROC的處理效果。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,PAC累積逆流吸附的次數(shù)越多越能降低PAC的投加量,但是會(huì)增加反應(yīng)器的個(gè)數(shù),增加基建費(fèi)用,因此選擇了PAC累積四級(jí)逆流吸附-微濾組合工藝進(jìn)行了中試試驗(yàn)。中試試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,反應(yīng)器A的一個(gè)大循環(huán)對(duì)應(yīng)反應(yīng)器B三個(gè)小循環(huán)的運(yùn)行方式和反應(yīng)器A一個(gè)大循環(huán)對(duì)應(yīng)反應(yīng)器B一個(gè)小循環(huán)的運(yùn)行方式都能夠達(dá)到理想的有機(jī)物去除效果,后者的處理效果較前者略差,但后者能夠大大的減小反應(yīng)器A的體積,這樣有利于實(shí)際應(yīng)用,減小占地面積、降低基建費(fèi)用。同時(shí),后者由于每次都向反應(yīng)器A排炭,減小了反應(yīng)器B內(nèi)的懸浮固體量,減緩了膜污染速率,從而延長(zhǎng)了膜的使用壽命。通過(guò)計(jì)算,利用此工藝處理1 m3的ROC的成本約為2.8元,且出水水質(zhì)能夠達(dá)到RO工藝的進(jìn)水水質(zhì)要求,提高回收利用率。
[Abstract]:Reverse osmosis (RO) process has been widely used in seawater desalination and advanced wastewater treatment due to its excellent removal of salt and organic pollutants. However, this process can generate high quality effluent and produce almost all organic matter in influent of reverse osmosis concentrated water (ROC), ROC) which is about 30% of water intake, which may also include some environmental priority pollutants, if discharged directly, These substances will seriously affect the environment. At present, the processes of ROC treatment at home and abroad mainly include: lime softening, activated carbon adsorption, coagulation and precipitation, ion exchange, ozone, photocatalysis, Fenton reagent and electrochemical oxidation, etc. However, these processes have some problems such as high energy consumption and low treatment efficiency. In this study, the technology of (PAC) adsorption of powdered activated carbon and microfiltration (MF) process was used, that is, the organic matter in ROC was desorbed by PAC, and the PAC was separated from water by MF membrane. The effluent with low organic matter and low sludge density index (SDI) was obtained. RO process can be used to further recover fresh water and improve the recovery rate of RO system. The operation mode of countercurrent adsorption can effectively reduce the dosage of PAC. The PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration combination process is an improvement to the PAC adsorption-microfiltration combination process. The preliminary work of our group has proved that PAC adsorption-microfiltration process can effectively remove organic matter from ROC and reduce the turbidity of effluent. But in order to reduce the cost of the process, reduce the amount of PAC and reduce the solid waste produced by the process as far as possible, we also explore the treatment effect of the combined process of PAC accumulation second-order countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration and PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration to ROC. The experimental results show that the more times of PAC cumulative countercurrent adsorption, the lower the dosage of PAC, but it will increase the number of reactors and increase the cost of capital construction. Therefore, the PAC cumulative four-stage countercurrent adsorption-microfiltration process has been selected for pilot test. The results of the pilot test show that one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to the operation mode of three small cycles of reactor B and the operation mode of one large cycle of reactor A corresponds to that of reactor B and the operation mode of one small cycle of reactor A can achieve the ideal removal effect of organic matter. The treatment effect of the latter is a little worse than that of the former, but the latter can greatly reduce the volume of reactor A, which is beneficial to practical application, reduce the area of land and reduce the cost of capital construction. At the same time, because the latter discharged carbon to reactor A every time, the amount of suspended solids in reactor B was reduced, and the membrane fouling rate was slowed down, thus prolonging the service life of the membrane. By calculation, the cost of treating 1 m3 ROC by this process is about 2.8 yuan, and the effluent quality can meet the requirement of the influent water quality of RO process and improve the recovery efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703;P747.5

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