【摘要】：海浪和潮汐觀測對海洋防災減災、海洋開發(fā)利用和人民生活具有非常重要的意義。目前,我國海浪觀測以浮標為主,潮位觀測以有井驗潮為主。浮標容易遭到破壞,運行成本高。有井驗潮的建設成本高,且不適合在灘涂建設。我國沿岸水深多數(shù)在幾米至20米之間,且有些海岸線為灘涂,本文的目標是采用聲學和壓力相結(jié)合的方法,設計適合我國近岸、海島和平臺的波潮觀測系統(tǒng)。首先對壓力、聲學、浮標、雷達測波技術(shù)優(yōu)缺點進行分析,結(jié)合我國波浪觀測現(xiàn)狀,提出了基于聲學和壓力測量波浪和潮位系統(tǒng)的設計思路,介紹了系統(tǒng)的組成、功能和工作流程。測波測潮理論部分論述了波高及對應波周期的計算方法,潮位測量影響因素,聲學數(shù)據(jù)的溫度補償,壓力數(shù)據(jù)的氣壓補償,潮位和高低潮的計算方法和波譜分析。硬件方面論述了傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集器的實現(xiàn)方法,詳細介紹了聲學測量部分的設計原理,包括聲波發(fā)生器、聲波發(fā)射接收器和計算存儲電路。軟件方面論述了程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)流程,包括數(shù)據(jù)的接收、處理、存儲和顯示。試驗部分包括波浪特征值對比分析、潮汐特征值對比分析、聲壓測波補償方式、聲壓測波頻譜對比分析。試驗結(jié)果表明:聲學測波設備和壓力測波設備與波浪浮標具有較好的相關(guān)性,聲學測波設備能夠測量周期較小的波浪,而壓力式測波設備不受海面破碎浪的影響,兩者能夠互相補充。論文的創(chuàng)新點有:(1)聲學測波和壓力測波相互補充,擴大了設備使用范圍和測量準確度。聲學測波可以彌補壓力測波對儀器布放深度的限制,壓力測波降低測波環(huán)境的要求,兩者結(jié)合基本上滿足我國近岸、海島和平臺波浪測量的需求。(2)設備工作方式靈活,適合海洋站、工程測量和海洋調(diào)查。可設置采樣頻率和工作方式。采樣頻率可采用半小時工作方式、1小時工作方式或3小時工作方式,工作方式可采用壓力測波方式、聲學測波方式或壓力聲學測波方式。
[Abstract]:Observation of waves and tides is of great significance to marine disaster prevention and mitigation, ocean exploitation and utilization and people's life. At present, the observation of ocean waves in China is dominated by buoys, and the observation of tidal level by well-well tide detection. Buoys are vulnerable to destruction and run at high cost. The construction cost of well tide check is high, and it is not suitable for tidal flat construction. Most of the coastal water depths in China are between a few meters to 20 meters, and some coastlines are tidal flat. The aim of this paper is to design a wave and tide observation system suitable for China's coastal, island and platform by combining acoustic and pressure methods. Firstly, the advantages and disadvantages of pressure, acoustics, buoy and radar wave measurement techniques are analyzed. Combined with the present situation of wave observation in China, the design idea of wave and tide level system based on acoustics and pressure measurement is put forward, and the composition of the system is introduced. Function and workflow. In the part of wave and tide measurement theory, the calculation method of wave height and corresponding wave period, the influencing factors of tidal level measurement, the temperature compensation of acoustic data, the pressure compensation of pressure data, the calculation method of tidal level and high and low tide and the analysis of wave spectrum are discussed. In the aspect of hardware, the realization method of sensor and data collector is discussed, and the design principle of acoustic measurement part is introduced in detail, including acoustic wave generator, acoustic wave transmitting receiver and calculating storage circuit. In software aspect, the program realization flow is discussed, including data receiving, processing, storing and displaying. The experimental part includes wave eigenvalue contrast analysis, tidal eigenvalue contrast analysis, acoustic pressure measurement wave compensation method, acoustic pressure wave spectrum contrast analysis. The experimental results show that the acoustic wave measuring equipment and the pressure wave measuring equipment have good correlation with the wave buoy. The acoustic wave measuring equipment can measure the wave with a relatively small period, but the pressure wave measuring equipment is not affected by the breaking wave of the sea surface. The two complement each other. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) the acoustic wave and the pressure wave complement each other, which enlarge the range of the equipment and the accuracy of the measurement. Acoustic wave measurement can make up for the limitation of the pressure wave to the depth of the instrument placement, and the pressure wave can reduce the requirement of the wave measuring environment. The combination of the two can basically meet the requirement of wave measurement in the coastal, island and platform of our country. (2) the equipment works flexibly. Suitable for ocean station, engineering survey and ocean survey. The sampling frequency and working mode can be set. The sampling frequency can be operated in half-hour mode, one-hour mode or 3-hour mode. The working mode can be pressure wave measurement, acoustic wave measurement or pressure-acoustic wave measurement.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋技術(shù)中心
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P715

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