【摘要】：有別于大尺度的海洋環(huán)流和小尺度的波動(dòng)，海洋中尺度的渦旋能傳播熱、鹽、碳、營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽和其它示蹤物，對(duì)大洋能量的傳輸起著重要作用。中尺度渦的有效提取和追蹤對(duì)于認(rèn)識(shí)區(qū)域海洋環(huán)流模式意義重大，并且能夠進(jìn)一步地通過包括渦動(dòng)能(EKE)、渦活動(dòng)指數(shù)(EAI)和渦強(qiáng)度(EI)在內(nèi)的一系列參量來研究其與厄爾尼諾-南方濤動(dòng)(ENSO)現(xiàn)象的關(guān)系，有助于分析厄爾尼諾(El Nino)及拉尼娜(La Nina)異常事件發(fā)生的原因。近年來遙感數(shù)據(jù)在中尺度渦的提取中應(yīng)用廣泛，主要包括高度計(jì)、海溫、葉綠素a濃度及鹽度遙感產(chǎn)品�；诖祟悢�(shù)據(jù)的提取方法主要有海表面高度閉合等值線法(有閾值/無閾值)、混合方法，基于海溫、葉綠素a濃度數(shù)據(jù)的圖像處理方法，但這些方法存在缺陷：復(fù)雜的判據(jù)、敏感的閾值、有限的適用性及高門檻的計(jì)算性能要求，因而本文致力于發(fā)明一種基于遙感數(shù)據(jù)的判據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單、高效省時(shí)及可靠性強(qiáng)的新方法，克里金法卻因其空間最優(yōu)線性無偏估計(jì)及誤差可定量化的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被采用并進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。 本文針對(duì)海洋中尺度渦提出一套基于高度計(jì)遙感數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)的，可適用于多源海洋遙感數(shù)據(jù)的中尺度渦克里金提取算法及一套識(shí)別海洋中尺度渦及其屬性的程序。 對(duì)于高度計(jì)遙感數(shù)據(jù)，算法運(yùn)用變差函數(shù)工具計(jì)算其變差場(chǎng)，定義為廣義振幅場(chǎng)，再利用泛克里金插值消除數(shù)據(jù)虛警和噪聲，借助廣義振幅場(chǎng)與實(shí)際振幅的關(guān)系通過少數(shù)幾條特征等值線實(shí)現(xiàn)渦旋及其屬性的提取。本文針對(duì)太平洋不同海區(qū)，采用泛克里金法分別進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：運(yùn)用泛克里金方法，(1)在西北太平洋2014年4月的4期海平面高度異常數(shù)據(jù)(SLA)中計(jì)算得出743個(gè)中尺度渦，包含433個(gè)氣旋渦和310個(gè)反氣旋渦；(2)在北太平洋2012年4月的4期數(shù)據(jù)中共計(jì)算得到841個(gè)中尺度渦，包含450個(gè)氣旋渦和391個(gè)反氣旋渦；總共出現(xiàn)過3個(gè)雙核渦(均為氣旋渦)，其中有一個(gè)持續(xù)時(shí)間至少為15天(4月4日至18日)；(3)在南太平洋2012年4月的4期數(shù)據(jù)中共計(jì)算得到923個(gè)中尺度渦，包含423個(gè)氣旋渦和500個(gè)反氣旋渦。與其他遙感技術(shù)手段的對(duì)比顯示應(yīng)用該算法可使太平洋中尺度渦的成功檢測(cè)率(SDR)接近90%，過度檢測(cè)率普遍低于20%。結(jié)果表明：(1)算法具有省時(shí)高效性，通過對(duì)海平面高度異常場(chǎng)的重構(gòu)創(chuàng)建廣義振幅場(chǎng)，避免了等值線篩選過程，相對(duì)于海面高度閉合等值線等其他遙感方法具有判據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單及提取速度快的特性；(2)可靠性好，能夠通過推導(dǎo)得出的特征等值線確保穩(wěn)定的提取準(zhǔn)確度；算法建立在發(fā)展成熟的等值線提取方法之上，并且有變差函數(shù)與泛克里金法的理論支撐；(3)自適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，可以對(duì)任意海區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的渦旋檢測(cè)和提取，并且除振幅值統(tǒng)計(jì)資料及必要基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)外無需依賴其他輔助性數(shù)據(jù)。 本文也采用了協(xié)同克里金算法將不同源海表面溫度數(shù)據(jù)(NOAA-AVHRR以及NASA-GHRSST)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)插值融合，并在太平洋局部海域驗(yàn)證了協(xié)同克里金提取算法的精度和可靠性。黑潮及其延伸體海域計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示，在與高度計(jì)遙感數(shù)據(jù)同日期的2012年4月四期數(shù)據(jù)中，采用協(xié)同克里金算法計(jì)算出的有效渦旋個(gè)數(shù)為111，包括77個(gè)氣旋渦和34個(gè)反氣旋渦，氣旋渦的SDR分別為35.94%、34.78%、30.88%及12.50%，反氣旋渦的SDR分別為13.43%、12.20%、14.67%及4.88%。一方面，這表明協(xié)同克里金算法對(duì)海表溫度場(chǎng)局部渦旋的偵測(cè)具有可用性；另一方面，海溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)在中小尺度的隨機(jī)變異使得本就針對(duì)局部海域的偵測(cè)變得更有難度(算法成功檢測(cè)率尚且無法逾越40%)，潛在應(yīng)用價(jià)值與局限性并存。同時(shí)能夠明顯看出，氣旋渦的識(shí)別精度遠(yuǎn)高于反氣旋渦。本文最后討論了葉綠素a濃度及海面鹽度月平均數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于中尺度渦旋提取的可行性。 本文利用了變差函數(shù)工具對(duì)衛(wèi)星遙感海洋數(shù)據(jù)空間結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了分析，在今后研究中可利用克里金方法進(jìn)一步揭示海洋數(shù)據(jù)場(chǎng)的隱含空間信息，特別是針對(duì)遙感數(shù)據(jù)的研究；本方法對(duì)于高度計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)大范圍快速監(jiān)測(cè)中尺度渦的情形特別適用；同時(shí)，對(duì)局部小范圍海域而言，本文提出的算法目前可利用海溫遙感數(shù)據(jù)快速提取中尺度渦。 算法首先運(yùn)用變差函數(shù)工具從海表面信號(hào)場(chǎng)中提取渦旋區(qū)域，，再利用克里金插值消除數(shù)據(jù)趨勢(shì)和噪聲，最后中尺度渦標(biāo)識(shí)參量與信號(hào)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，確定特征等值線，實(shí)現(xiàn)渦旋及其屬性(渦核、極性、振幅、面積、半徑)的提取。 本文研究結(jié)果表明：(1)本方法相對(duì)于海面高度閉合等值線等其他遙感方法具有判據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單的特性，能夠顯著加快等值線篩選過程及提取速度；(2)利用變差計(jì)算配合泛克里金法在插值過程中對(duì)趨勢(shì)的移除和對(duì)噪聲的屏蔽，能夠通過特征等值線實(shí)現(xiàn)較高的提取準(zhǔn)確度；(3)具有大范圍快速、實(shí)時(shí)性的優(yōu)勢(shì)，適用于大范圍海域中尺度渦的快速監(jiān)測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Unlike large-scale ocean circulation and small-scale fluctuations, the ocean meso-scale vortex can spread heat, salt, carbon, nutrients and other chemicals, playing an important role in the transmission of ocean energy. the effective extraction and tracking of the meso-scale vortex is significant for the recognition of regional ocean circulation patterns and can further be achieved by including eddy kinetic energy (evke), A series of parameters, including the eddy activity index (EAI) and the eddy intensity (EI), are used to study the relationship between the El Nino-Southern Tao (ENSO) phenomenon and contribute to the analysis of the causes of abnormal events in El Nino and La Nina. In recent years, remote sensing data is widely used in the extraction of meso-scale eddy, mainly including altimeter, SST, chlorophyll a concentration and salinity remote sensing product. The extraction method based on this kind of data mainly includes sea surface height closed isoline method (with threshold/ threshold value), mixing method, image processing method based on sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a concentration data, but these methods exist defects: complex criterion, sensitive threshold value, The invention discloses a novel method based on remote sensing data, which is simple in criterion, high in efficiency and strong in reliability, The Kriging method has been used and experimented because of its spatial optimal linear unbiased estimation and quantitative error. In this paper, a set of meso-scale eddy Kriging extraction algorithm based on altimeter remote sensing data, which can be applied to multi-source ocean remote sensing data, is presented in this paper. For the remote sensing data of the altimeter, the algorithm uses the variation function tool to calculate its variation field, defines the generalized amplitude field, and then uses the generalized Kriging interpolation to eliminate the data. Virtual police and noise, by means of the relationship between the generalized amplitude field and the actual amplitude, the vortex is realized by a few characteristic isolines. In this paper, the generalized Kriging method is applied to different sea areas in the Pacific. The results show that 743 meso-scale vortices, including 433 gas vortices and 310, are calculated by using the generalized Kriging method, (1) in the 4-stage sea level anomaly data (SLA) in the Northwest Pacific in April 2014. An anti-gas vortex; (2) 841 meso vortices are calculated in the 4-period data of April 2012 in the North Pacific Ocean, containing 450 gas vortices and 391 anti-gas vortices; a total of 3 dual-core vortices (each being a gas vortex), with a duration of at least 15 days (4-Apr-4). Up to 18 days); (3) 923 meso-scale vortices, including 423 gas vortices and 500, calculated in the April 2012 data of the South Pacific Compared with other remote sensing methods, this algorithm can make the successful detection rate (SDR) of the Mesoscale eddy close to 90%, and the over-detection rate is common. The results show that: (1) The algorithm has the high efficiency, and the generalized amplitude field is created by reconstruction of the sea level height anomaly field, so that the isoline screening process is avoided, and other remote sensing methods such as contour contour and other remote sensing methods relative to the sea surface height are simple and high in extraction speed. (2) the reliability is good, the obtained characteristic contour can be derived to ensure stable extraction accuracy; the algorithm is established on the developed mature isoline extraction method and has a variable difference function and a theoretical support of the universal Kriging method; and (3) The self-adaptability is strong, the real-time vortex detection and extraction can be carried out on any sea area, In this paper, the data of different source sea surface temperature data (NOAA-AVHRR and NASA-GHRSST) is interpolated by a cooperative Kriging algorithm, and cooperative Kriging extraction is verified in the Pacific local sea area. The accuracy and reliability of the method show that in April 2012 data of the same date as the remote sensing data of the altimeter, the effective vortex number calculated by the cooperative Kriging algorithm is 111, including 77 gas vortex and 34 anti-gas vortex, and the SDR of the gas vortex is 35. 94, respectively.%, 34. 78%, 30. 88% and 12.50%, the SDR of the anti-gas vortex was 13. 43%, 12.20%, 14. 6, respectively. 7% and 4.88%. On the one hand, this indicates that the cooperative Kriging algorithm has availability for the detection of local vortex in the sea table temperature field. On the other hand, the random variation of SST data in small and medium scale makes the detection of local sea area more difficult (algorithm success rate is high). Can't exceed 40%), potential application The value and limitation coexist. At the same time, it can be clearly seen that the identification of the gas vortex In this paper, the mean data of chlorophyll a concentration and sea surface salinity are discussed in this paper. In this paper, the spatial structure of the satellite remote sensing ocean data is analyzed by using the variation function tool, and the implicit spatial information of the ocean data field can be further revealed by the Kriging method in the future research. The method is particularly suitable for the case of fast monitoring the meso-scale vortex with large data range of altimeter data; meanwhile, the algorithm proposed in the paper can utilize the SST remotely for local small-range sea areas. In this paper, the vortex region is extracted from the sea surface signal field by using the variation function tool, the data trend and noise are eliminated by using Kriging interpolation, the corresponding relation between the final meso-scale eddy identification parameter and the signal field data is determined, and the characteristics and the like are determined. Value line to realize vortex and its properties (vortex core, pole The results of this paper show that: (1) This method has the characteristics of simple criterion with respect to other remote sensing methods such as contour line height closed isoline and other remote sensing methods. and (2) using the variation calculation to coordinate the removal of the trend and the shielding of the noise during the interpolation process by using the variation calculation, so that higher extraction accuracy can be realized through the characteristic contour line; and (3) has the advantages of large-range fast and real-time performance,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P731.2;P715.7

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