全球變暖背景下ENSO特征的變化
[Abstract]:Based on the monthly mean SST data of Had ISST from 1895 to 2014 and the results of 600 years of air-sea coupled model CESM test before and after the doubling of CO_2 concentration, the characteristics (intensity and central location) of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO) before and after global warming are compared and analyzed. Changes in life cycle and frequency and their possible causes. The main conclusions are as follows: after global warming, The observed and simulated mean SST warming centers are located in the tropical western Pacific (La Nina type warming) and the tropical eastern Pacific (El Ni 帽 o-like warming), respectively, resulting in the corresponding strengthening and weakening of easterly trade winds in the lower tropical Pacific. Therefore, the position of the strongest ocean-atmosphere coupling in the tropical Pacific is changed, which determines the variation of the evolution characteristics of ENSO. The ENSO event intensity center is more likely to occur in the central equatorial Pacific under the La Nina type warming background. "Central Pacific ENSO" is formed, while in the background of El Nino type warming, it is more inclined to equatorial eastern Pacific, forming "Eastern Pacific ENSO". The two climate changes will result in a significant prolongation of the lifetime of El Ni?o events after global warming. The effect of El Nino type warming is greater, the maximum extension is about 3 months, and the life cycle of extreme El Ni?o events is more significant. The main reason is that global warming, on the one hand, makes anomalous westerly winds in the tropical western Pacific appear earlier, which is conducive to the early occurrence and development of the El Ni?o event. On the other hand, the mean depth of the thermocline in the tropical Pacific and the mean SST gradient inside and outside the equatorial region of the tropical Middle Pacific Ocean are reduced, respectively, and the eastward propagation rate of the negative feedback Kelvin waves in the ocean subsurface and the "discharge" rate of the El Ni?o warm signal are reduced, respectively. El Ni?o events slow down and last longer. In addition, both observations and model results show that the intensity and frequency of ENSO events increase significantly in the context of global warming. The frequency of extreme La Ni?a events and extreme El Ni?o events increased significantly in the background state of La Ni 帽 a-like and El Nino like warming respectively. The results of this paper have well unified the phenomena and mechanisms of the changes of ENSO characteristics under different climatic background states in observations and models, and have laid an important scientific theoretical foundation for understanding and predicting the changes of ENSO characteristics and their climatic impacts after global warming.
【作者單位】: 南京大學(xué)大氣科學(xué)學(xué)院氣候與全球變化研究院中國氣象局-南京大學(xué)氣候預(yù)測研究聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】:國家自然科學(xué)基金(41275069,41330420)、國家自然科學(xué)基金創(chuàng)新研究群體項(xiàng)目(41621005) 中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資助
【分類號】:P732
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