【摘要】：在《印度洋底大地構(gòu)造圖》的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了印度洋盆構(gòu)造格局和洋盆演化重大事件序列,并從印度洋盆初始裂解機(jī)制、擴(kuò)張中心躍遷與熱點(diǎn)作用、洋中脊擴(kuò)展作用等方面討論了印度洋盆的張開(kāi)過(guò)程,提出以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí):(1)現(xiàn)今印度洋洋中脊可分為兩個(gè)系統(tǒng):東南印度洋中脊-中印度洋中脊-卡斯伯格洋脊系統(tǒng)(東支)和西南印度洋中脊系統(tǒng)(西支),前者是太平洋洋中脊擴(kuò)展作用的產(chǎn)物,后者是太平洋-東南印度洋中脊與大西洋中脊之間構(gòu)造調(diào)節(jié)的產(chǎn)物;(2)印度洋盆最初裂解受地幔柱垂向擠壓-水平伸展作用控制,沿前寒武造山帶等地殼薄弱帶發(fā)育;(3)印度洋盆經(jīng)歷兩次擴(kuò)張中心的躍遷,其趨向性躍遷方向與熱點(diǎn)相對(duì)板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向具有一致性,顯示兩者存在內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。(4)大西洋和太平洋洋中脊在印度洋交匯,于古近紀(jì)連通,末端伴隨陸塊持續(xù)發(fā)生碎裂化、裂解化,可稱(chēng)為魚(yú)尾構(gòu)造模式,表明印度洋盆銜接和調(diào)節(jié)了三大洋盆的發(fā)育和演化過(guò)程,具有全球洋盆樞紐的關(guān)鍵意義。
[Abstract]:Based on the Geotectonic Map of the bottom of the Indian Ocean, the tectonic pattern of the Indian Ocean basin and the sequence of major events in the evolution of the ocean basin are analyzed, and from the initial splitting mechanism of the Indian Ocean basin, the transition of the spreading center and the role of the hot spots are discussed. The spreading process of the Indian Ocean basin is discussed in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the present mid-ocean ridge of India can be divided into two systems: the mid-southeast Indian Ridge, the Central Indian Rib and the Casberg Ridge system (Eastern Branch) and the South-West Indian Ocean Central Ridge system (Western Branch). The former is too Central Indian Ocean Ridge system. The product of the spreading of the mid-ocean ridge, The latter is the product of tectonic adjustment between the mid-Pacific and mid-Atlantic ridges. (2) the initial fragmentation of the Indian Ocean basin is controlled by the vertical compression-horizontal extension of mantle plumes. The weak crustal zones along the Precambrian orogenic belt have developed. (3) the Indian Ocean basin has experienced two transitions of the spreading center, and its tendency transition direction is consistent with the movement direction of the hot spots relative to the plate. (4) the Atlantic and Pacific ridges meet in the Indian Ocean and are connected in the Paleogene. The end of the oceanic ridges is continuously fragmented and cracked with the continental block, which can be called the fishtail tectonic model. The results show that the Indian Ocean basin connects and regulates the development and evolution of the three ocean basins, which is of key significance to the global ocean basin hub.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)地球與空間科學(xué)學(xué)院造山帶與地殼演化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;國(guó)家海洋局海底科學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室國(guó)家海洋局第二海洋研究所;
【基金】：印度洋脊多金屬硫化物成礦潛力與資源環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)(DY125-12-R-03) 西南印度洋脊合同區(qū)多金屬硫化物資源評(píng)價(jià)(DY125-11-R-01)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P736.1

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