【摘要】：目前,海水淡化過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的濃海水直接排放將對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重影響。我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)水資源短缺、土地資源緊張、近岸海域環(huán)境迫切需要得到保護(hù),處理海水淡化濃鹽水勢(shì)在必行。本文主要研究了納濾和膜蒸餾處理海水淡化濃鹽水,設(shè)計(jì)了日處理10噸海水淡化濃鹽水資源利用工藝裝置。具體結(jié)論如下： 首先研究了納濾處理海水淡化濃鹽水,討論了操作壓力和進(jìn)料濃度對(duì)納濾膜分離性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在溫度一定的條件下,納濾膜滲透通量、系統(tǒng)脫鹽率、系統(tǒng)回收率、二價(jià)離子截留率均隨操作壓力的增大而增大,隨進(jìn)料濃度的增大而減小。對(duì)于6wt.%的濃鹽水,在較優(yōu)化的工藝條件下,納濾過(guò)程滲透通量達(dá)到47.9L/(m2·h), Ca2+、 Mg2+、SO42-的截留率達(dá)到37.8%、57.8%、82.9%,系統(tǒng)回收率達(dá)到57.6%,高于納濾膜一般規(guī)定的回收率。 其次研究了真空膜蒸餾處理海水淡化濃鹽水,討論優(yōu)化了膜蒸餾的各種工藝參數(shù),包括進(jìn)料液溫度,進(jìn)料液濃度,滲透?jìng)?cè)壓強(qiáng)和膜表面流量。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明在其他條件一定的情況下,膜蒸餾滲透通量隨料液溫度升高而增大,隨進(jìn)料液濃度增大而減小,隨滲透?jìng)?cè)壓強(qiáng)增大而減小,隨膜表面流速增大而增大。此外,還進(jìn)行了真空膜蒸餾濃縮結(jié)晶實(shí)驗(yàn)：以起始濃度為150g/L的氯化鈉溶液和200g/L的硫酸鈉溶液作為母液來(lái)考察膜蒸餾裝置濃縮結(jié)晶性能。在較優(yōu)化的工藝條件下,6wt.%的濃鹽水膜蒸餾過(guò)程通量達(dá)到33.0L/(m2·h),且表現(xiàn)出近100%的截留率。 最后,根據(jù)納濾和真空膜蒸餾的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,設(shè)計(jì)了日處理10噸海水淡化濃鹽水資源利用工藝裝置,裝置采用超濾-納濾-真空膜蒸餾(UF-NF-VMD)相耦合的工藝流程。結(jié)果表明,該中試裝置能有效處理海水淡化濃鹽水。
[Abstract]:At present, the direct discharge of desalination will have a serious impact on the ecological environment. Because of the shortage of water resources and the shortage of land resources in the coastal areas of China, the environment of coastal waters needs to be protected urgently, so it is imperative to deal with desalination of concentrated salt water. In this paper, nanofiltration and membrane distillation were studied for desalination of desalinated concentrated brine, and a technological device for utilization of desalination of concentrated brine resources was designed for 10 tons of seawater desalination per day. The main conclusions are as follows: firstly, the effects of operating pressure and feed concentration on the separation performance of nanofiltration membrane were studied. The experimental results show that the permeation flux of nanofiltration membrane, system desalination rate, system recovery rate and bivalent ion rejection rate increase with the increase of operating pressure and decrease with the increase of feed concentration. For the concentrated brine of 6 wt.%, the permeation flux of the nanofiltration process reached 47.9L/ (m ~ 2 h), Ca2, Mg2 so _ 42-) under the optimized process conditions, and the retention rate of the nanofiltration process reached 37.8% and 57.8%, and the system recovery rate reached 57.6%, which was higher than the normal recovery rate of the nanofiltration membrane. Secondly, vacuum membrane distillation was studied to treat seawater desalination concentrated brine, and various technological parameters of membrane distillation were discussed and optimized, including feed liquid temperature, feed liquid concentration, osmotic pressure and membrane surface flow rate. The experimental results show that the permeation flux of membrane distillation increases with the increase of feed temperature, decreases with the increase of feed concentration, decreases with the increase of permeation pressure and increases with the increase of membrane surface velocity under certain other conditions. In addition, the concentrated crystallization experiments of vacuum membrane distillation were carried out. The concentrated crystallization properties of membrane distillation unit were investigated by using sodium chloride solution with initial concentration of 150g/L and sodium sulfate solution of 200g/L as mother liquor. Under the optimized conditions, the flux of 6 wt.% concentrated brine membrane distillation process reached 33.0L/ (m2 h),) and showed a rejection rate of nearly 100%. Finally, according to the experimental results of nanofiltration and vacuum membrane distillation, a process device for the utilization of concentrated brine resources for desalination of 10 tons of seawater per day was designed. The process of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and vacuum membrane distillation (UF-NF-VMD) coupling process was adopted. The results show that the pilot plant can effectively treat desalination of concentrated salt water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P747.1

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