【摘要】：南海是我國(guó)最大的邊緣海,戰(zhàn)略地理位置優(yōu)越,海域資源豐富,同時(shí)也是重要的海上通道。但南海也是自然災(zāi)害(風(fēng)暴潮、臺(tái)風(fēng)等)頻發(fā)之處,臺(tái)風(fēng)不僅會(huì)對(duì)其海洋生態(tài)與動(dòng)力環(huán)境產(chǎn)生直接的影響,同時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)近海養(yǎng)殖、運(yùn)輸、海上工程活動(dòng)等造成嚴(yán)重危害。因而研究臺(tái)風(fēng)對(duì)南海海洋環(huán)境的影響具有重要的科學(xué)與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文主要利用遙感數(shù)據(jù)和HYCOM再分析資料研究了南海上層水體對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)的響應(yīng)。首先,主要關(guān)注201409號(hào)超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)“威馬遜”,系統(tǒng)分析了南海上層海洋生態(tài)、動(dòng)力環(huán)境對(duì)其的響應(yīng)特征;并基于EOF分析法對(duì)該臺(tái)風(fēng)過后南海海表溫度、混合層深度以及降水量等要素進(jìn)行時(shí)間和空間特征的研究。其次,利用近10年臺(tái)風(fēng)樣本及遙感和HYCOM再分析資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了臺(tái)風(fēng)過程中海表溫度、混合層深度以及葉綠素濃度變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)特征。研究結(jié)果表明,超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)“威馬遜”誘發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的混合卷挾和上升流,并加強(qiáng)了季節(jié)性上升流;該臺(tái)風(fēng)過后,南海海表溫度急劇下降,部分海域海表溫度最大降幅可達(dá)2℃,且部分海域降溫后回升緩慢長(zhǎng)達(dá)半個(gè)月之久。海溫降低相對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑呈顯著的“右偏性”;同時(shí),超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)給南海帶來了強(qiáng)降雨,但是降雨量空間分布相對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)路徑呈顯著的“左偏性”;臺(tái)風(fēng)后南海西北部海域懸浮泥沙濃度和葉綠素濃度平均增幅分別為28%和51.4%,對(duì)后者而言,達(dá)到最大濃度有3d的延遲,初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力增加34%;除此之外,上層水體混合加劇,混合層深度平均增長(zhǎng)近10.4m。近10年,過境南海各類氣旋94次,其中臺(tái)風(fēng)級(jí)別以上共有49次,占過境南海的52%,平均每年發(fā)生1-2次超強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)。在研究區(qū)域,臺(tái)風(fēng)前海表溫度平均溫度為29.05℃,臺(tái)風(fēng)后海表溫度平均溫度為28.22℃,海表溫度平均降低幅度為2.84%;臺(tái)風(fēng)前混合層深度平均為19.56 m,臺(tái)風(fēng)過程中混合層深度平均為28.31m,混合層深度平均增加幅度為58.57%;臺(tái)風(fēng)前葉綠素濃度平均為0.29 m/L,臺(tái)風(fēng)后葉綠素濃度平均為0.43 m/L,葉綠素濃度平均增加幅度為60.11%。海表最大降溫和最大葉綠素濃度增長(zhǎng)具有普遍延遲效應(yīng),而最大混合層深度與臺(tái)風(fēng)有較好的同步性。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea is the largest marginal sea in China. However, the South China Sea is also a place of frequent natural disasters (storm surge, typhoon, etc.). Typhoon will not only have a direct impact on its marine ecological and dynamic environment, but also cause serious harm to offshore aquaculture, transportation, marine engineering activities and so on. Therefore, it is of great scientific and practical significance to study the impact of typhoon on the marine environment in the South China Sea. In this paper, the response of the upper waters of the South China Sea to typhoon is studied by using remote sensing data and HYCOM reanalysis data. First of all, we focus on the superstrong typhoon of 201409, Weimason, and systematically analyze the response characteristics of the upper marine ecology and dynamic environment in the South China Sea, and analyze the sea surface temperature in the South China Sea after the typhoon based on EOF analysis. The time and space characteristics of mixing layer depth and precipitation are studied. Secondly, the statistical characteristics of sea surface temperature, depth of mixed layer and chlorophyll concentration during typhoon were analyzed by using typhoon samples and data of remote sensing and HYCOM reanalysis in recent 10 years. The results show that the superstrong typhoon "Wilmasson" induces strong mixed convection and upwelling and strengthens the seasonal upwell.After the typhoon, the sea surface temperature in the South China Sea drops sharply, and the maximum drop in sea surface temperature in some sea areas can reach 2 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2246246