無人機遙感在海島海岸帶監(jiān)測中的應用研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 07:49
【摘要】：海島和海岸帶地區(qū)為海洋和陸地相互作用的特殊地帶,具有巨大的經(jīng)濟、科學和國防價值。受到自然環(huán)境和人為因素的共同影響,海島海岸帶外部形態(tài)變化很快,目前的衛(wèi)星遙感、航空遙感和常規(guī)的人工測量、船載作業(yè)等監(jiān)測方式已難于滿足觀測精度和現(xiàn)勢性的要求,急需高靈活性、高時效性、高分辨率、低成本的監(jiān)測方法。本文針對海島海岸帶測量現(xiàn)狀,提出了基于無人機遙感的監(jiān)測方法,主要工作和創(chuàng)新點如下:(1)編制了非量測型相機的檢校程序,程序具備相機檢校參數(shù)(內(nèi)方位元素和畸變差參數(shù))解算、像點的物方空間坐標解算和結果對比分析功能。(2)形成了適用于海島海岸帶地區(qū)的航線設計、像控點布測、影像獲取與處理等完整的無人機作業(yè)流程,并通過應用實例證實了工作流程行之有效。(3)通過海島海岸帶地區(qū)的無人機航攝試驗和GPS輔助空中三角測量技術,并采用人工布設地面靶標形成新的地面特征信息,有效地改進了像控點的布測數(shù)量和分布。(4)進行了基于無人機遙感影像的試驗區(qū)岸線提取,并與基于船載三維激光掃描數(shù)據(jù)的岸線提取結果和部分實測岸線進行了相互對比,三者岸線結果基本吻合,表明基于無人機遙感開展岸線勘測是行之有效的。
[Abstract]:Islands and coastal zones are special zones for the interaction between sea and land, which have great economic, scientific and national defense value. Affected by both natural environment and human factors, the coastal zone outside the island changes rapidly. The current satellite remote sensing, aviation remote sensing and conventional manual measurements, The monitoring methods such as shipborne operation are difficult to meet the requirements of observation accuracy and present situation, and the monitoring methods with high flexibility, high time-efficiency, high resolution and low cost are urgently needed. In this paper, a remote sensing monitoring method based on UAV is proposed according to the present situation of coastal zone survey. The main work and innovations are as follows: (1) the calibration program of non-measurement camera is developed. The program has the functions of camera checking parameter (internal azimuth element and distortion difference parameter), solving the object square coordinate of image point and comparing and analyzing the result. (2) the route design suitable for the coastal zone of the island is formed, and the image control point is distributed. The work flow of UAV, such as image acquisition and processing, has been proved to be effective by an application example. (3) the aerial triangulation technique of UAV and GPS aided aerial triangulation in coastal zone of island is adopted. New ground characteristic information is formed by artificial placement of ground target, which improves the number and distribution of image control points effectively. (4) the shoreline extraction of test area based on UAV remote sensing image is carried out. The results of shoreline extraction based on 3D laser scanning data are compared with those of some measured shorelines. The results are in good agreement with each other, which indicates that it is effective to carry out shoreline survey based on UAV remote sensing.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P715.7
本文編號：2242045
[Abstract]:Islands and coastal zones are special zones for the interaction between sea and land, which have great economic, scientific and national defense value. Affected by both natural environment and human factors, the coastal zone outside the island changes rapidly. The current satellite remote sensing, aviation remote sensing and conventional manual measurements, The monitoring methods such as shipborne operation are difficult to meet the requirements of observation accuracy and present situation, and the monitoring methods with high flexibility, high time-efficiency, high resolution and low cost are urgently needed. In this paper, a remote sensing monitoring method based on UAV is proposed according to the present situation of coastal zone survey. The main work and innovations are as follows: (1) the calibration program of non-measurement camera is developed. The program has the functions of camera checking parameter (internal azimuth element and distortion difference parameter), solving the object square coordinate of image point and comparing and analyzing the result. (2) the route design suitable for the coastal zone of the island is formed, and the image control point is distributed. The work flow of UAV, such as image acquisition and processing, has been proved to be effective by an application example. (3) the aerial triangulation technique of UAV and GPS aided aerial triangulation in coastal zone of island is adopted. New ground characteristic information is formed by artificial placement of ground target, which improves the number and distribution of image control points effectively. (4) the shoreline extraction of test area based on UAV remote sensing image is carried out. The results of shoreline extraction based on 3D laser scanning data are compared with those of some measured shorelines. The results are in good agreement with each other, which indicates that it is effective to carry out shoreline survey based on UAV remote sensing.
【學位授予單位】：國家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P715.7
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