中國東部陸架海生源硫的分布、通量及其對氣溶膠中非海鹽硫酸鹽的貢獻
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-13 06:26
【摘要】：二甲基硫(dimethylsulfide, DMS)是海洋中最重要的揮發(fā)性生源硫化物,其在大氣中的氧化產(chǎn)物對全球氣候變化和酸雨的形成產(chǎn)生重要的影響。中國東部陸架海是全球陸架海區(qū)的重要組成部分。雖然只占全球海洋的一小部分,但對全球DMS釋放的貢獻較大。因此對該海域中DMS及其前體物質(zhì)—p-二甲巰基丙酸內(nèi)鹽(DMSP)的生物地球化學進行研究,有助于深入了解DMS、DMSP和生物圈、大氣環(huán)境之間復雜的相互作用,對在區(qū)域和全球尺度上準確估算DMS的海—氣通量及其對氣候和環(huán)境的影響具有重要的意義。本論文以受人類活動影響較大的中國東部陸架海為研究對象,對海水中DMS和DMSP的濃度分布的季節(jié)變化和影響因素進行了研究；同時測定了不同季節(jié)DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費速率以便找出各季節(jié)DMS生物生產(chǎn)的控制因素；對不同粒徑浮游植物的葉綠素a(Chl-α)和顆粒態(tài)DMSP (DMSPp)濃度進行研究,從中找出DMSPp的主要貢獻者；在特定站位進行了DMS和DMSP周日變化的研究,以認識其周日變化特征及其控制因素；對中國東部陸架海的DMS海—氣通量進行了計算并評價該海域DMS釋放對全球硫釋放的貢獻；同時對中國陸架海區(qū)生源硫?qū)馊苣z中非海鹽硫酸鹽(nss-SO42-)的貢獻進行了調(diào)查。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)2010年4月、2011年6月、2010年9月和2009年12月對黃渤海DMS和DMSP的濃度分布的季節(jié)變化進行了研究。黃渤海春季DMS、溶解態(tài)DMSP (DMSPd)和DMSPp的濃度分別為1.77(0.48-4.92)、3.98(0.68-11.32)和17.89(2.82-52.33) nmol L-1;夏季濃度分別為6.85(1.60-12.36)、7.25(2.28-19.05)和61.87(6.28-224.01)nmol L-1;秋季濃度分別為2.64(0.78-7.95)、4.89(1.42-11.30)和26.41(6.24-137.87)nmol L-1;冬季濃度分別為0.95(0.07-3.30)、1.18(0.22-3.54)和5.01 (1.63-12.33) nmol L-1。由上述結(jié)果可以看出,黃渤海DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的季節(jié)變化趨勢為夏季秋季春季冬季。由于渤海、北黃海相對封閉,與外海交換不夠充分,受人為活動影響較大,DMS和DMSP的分布均呈現(xiàn)由近岸向外海逐漸降低的趨勢。南黃海DMS和DMSP的空間分布明顯受到長江沖淡水和南黃海冷水團的影響。各季節(jié)DMS和DMSP呈現(xiàn)不同的分布態(tài)勢。黃海中部受冷水團強弱的季節(jié)變化影響,春夏季DMS和DMSP的濃度高于近岸,秋季和冬季則低于近岸。在南黃海南部受長江沖淡水流向與流量的季節(jié)變化影響,DMS和DMSP在夏季和秋季在該海域存在高值,而在春季和冬季濃度較低。另外,DMS和DMSP周日變化的總體趨勢是白天高、夜晚低,表明DMS/DMSP的生物生產(chǎn)過程與日光輻射有關(guān)。2011年3-4月、2011年6月和2010年11-12月對東海DMS、DMSP的濃度分布的時空變化進行了研究。春季東海表層海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp濃度分別為1.84(0.79-4.86)、2.59(1.03-7.96)和12.84 (2.21-30.03) nmol L-1;夏季DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp濃度分別為2.99(0.56-5.97)、4.74(2.63-7.26)和15.92 (6.08-34.78) nmol L-1;秋季DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp濃度分別為1.72(0.72-5.95)、2.32(1.24-6.20)和8.30 (3.27-47.55) nmol L-1。由此看出,東海DMS和DMSP濃度呈現(xiàn)明顯的季節(jié)變化,東海DMS和DMSP的空間分布明顯受到長江沖淡水和貧營養(yǎng)的黑潮水系及其分支的影響。各季節(jié)DMS和DMSP的水平分布特征總體上大致相似,即從近岸向外海呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢,但各季節(jié)又呈現(xiàn)出各自一定的特點。(2)DMS和DMSP與Chl-a的相關(guān)性分析顯示,其顯著相關(guān)性分別出現(xiàn)在藻華爆發(fā)的春季南黃海、秋季東海以及甲藻比例較高的夏季東海。說明浮游植物生物量在控制黃渤海DMS/DMSP的生產(chǎn)與分布方面發(fā)揮重要的作用。此外,只有當研究海域DMSP高產(chǎn)藻種比例較高時或者某一特定藻類成為研究海域優(yōu)勢藻類時DMS和DMSPp與Chl-a之間才存在明顯的相關(guān)性。(3)黃渤海春季(3月)DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費速率分別為12.32(0.65-34.70) nmol L-1 d-1和7.94 (0.17-27.38) nmol L-1 d-1;夏季分別為20.78 (2.90-35.86) nmol L-1 d-1和11.42 (1.92-23.34) nmol L-1 d-1;秋季分別為9.25 (0.55-28.63) nmol L-1 d-1和5.11 (0.1-16.46) nmol L-1 d-1.其生產(chǎn)與消費速率的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律為夏季春季秋季。東海春季DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費速率分別為7.15 (2.52-16.63) nmolL-1d-1和4.75 (0.79-14.66) nmol L-1 d-1;秋季DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費速率分別為5.07(1.49-12.79) nmolL-1 d-1和3.36 (0.36-8.33) nmolL-1 d-1。其生產(chǎn)與消費速率的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律為春季秋季。總的來看,高值區(qū)多出現(xiàn)在Chl-α濃度較高的藻華海區(qū)和受人為活動顯著影響的近岸海區(qū)。表明DMS的生物生產(chǎn)與消費速率與浮游植物的生物活動密切相關(guān),同時受近岸人為活動的顯著影響。由調(diào)查結(jié)果可知,春季DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費速率均高于秋季,表明春季浮游植物的生命活動可能更加旺盛。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn)DMS的生產(chǎn)與消費的首要控制因素各季節(jié)存在顯著差異,在發(fā)生藻華的局部海域DMSPd、DMS和Chl-α易成為DMS生產(chǎn)與消費速率的首要控制因素。而在秋季東海海水溫度與DMS生產(chǎn)與消費速率顯著相關(guān)。這表明DMS生產(chǎn)與消費過程受溫度、鹽度、Chl-α、DMS、DMSPd和細菌等多種物理化學和生物因素的共同作用。在發(fā)生藻華的海域DMS和浮游植物生物量易成為DMS生產(chǎn)與消費速率的首要控制因素。(4)我們對夏季黃渤海和春季南黃海、東海進行了DMSPp和Chl-α的分級測定。兩次調(diào)查結(jié)果均表明大粒徑的微型浮游植物(larger nanoplankton)是主要貢獻者,其對DMSPp和Chl-α的貢獻均在80%左右。根據(jù)同航次浮游植物調(diào)查可知,大粒徑微型浮游植物主要由硅藻組成。同時,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在營養(yǎng)鹽較高的河口和近岸海域小型浮游植物(microplankton)對Chl-α和DMSPp有重要貢獻。而在營養(yǎng)鹽濃度較低的黃海中部,微微型浮游植物(picoplankton)對Chl-α和DMSPp有顯著貢獻。表明大粒徑的浮游植物可能更適合在高營養(yǎng)鹽濃度的水域中生長,而小粒徑的浮游植物則更適合在低營養(yǎng)鹽濃度的水域生長。(5)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場風速和表層海水DMS濃度,利用N2000公式計算了黃渤海和東海DMS的海-氣交換通量。結(jié)果顯示黃渤海和東海DMS海-氣通量具有明顯的季節(jié)差異。其中黃渤海的通量季節(jié)變化規(guī)律為：夏季秋季春季冬季；東海與黃渤海類似,也是夏季秋季春季。整個中國東部陸架海區(qū)DMS海-氣通量的最高值均出現(xiàn)在夏季。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,黃渤海和東海DMS的年平均通量分別為5.59 μmol m-2 d-1和7.20 μmol m-2 d-1。根據(jù)不同季節(jié)和海區(qū)DMS年平均通量和海域面積,初步估算出黃渤海和東海DMS年釋放量分別為2.98×10-2 Tg-S a-1和6.48×10-2Tg S a-1,其DMS的年釋放量分別占了全球釋放量(15-33 Tg Sa-1)的0.09%-0.2%和0.20%-0.43%。此結(jié)果也表明雖然中國東部陸架海區(qū)僅占全球海洋很小的一部分(0.34%)但是其對全球海洋DMS的貢獻較大。(6)利用nss-SO42-bio/MSA的比值估算出在渤海、北黃海春夏秋冬四個季節(jié)生源硫?qū)Υ髿庵衝ss-SO42-貢獻比分別為：9.70%、8.90%、4.90%和1.95%；南黃海春夏秋冬四個季節(jié)貢獻比依次為17.60%、8.10%、8.70%和3.30%；東海春夏秋三個季節(jié)分別為13.6%、5.3%和4.3%。由以上結(jié)果可知中國東部陸架海各海區(qū)各季節(jié)生源硫釋放對nss-SO42-貢獻率的比值的季節(jié)變化均為春季最高,夏秋次之,冬季最低。該結(jié)果表明生源硫化物在中國東部陸架海區(qū)的高貢獻率均出現(xiàn)在春季,尤其在春季南黃海和東海其貢獻顯著高于其他季節(jié)。進一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),東海、南黃海和渤海北黃海的生源硫化物年平均貢獻率分別為7.73%、9.43%和6.36%,這表明人為輸入是中國東部陸架海大氣氣溶膠中nss-SO42-的主要來源;同時表明渤海、北黃海受人為活動影響更為顯著。這可能與渤海、北黃海所處的地理位置有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most important volatile source sulfide in the ocean. Its oxidation products in the atmosphere have an important impact on global climate change and acid rain formation. Therefore, the Biogeochemical Study of DMS and its precursor, p-dimethylmercaptopropionic acid internal salt (DMSP), in this sea area will be helpful to understand the complex interactions among DMS, DMSP, biosphere and atmospheric environment, and to accurately estimate the air-sea flux of DMS and its impacts on climate and environment at regional and global scales. In this paper, the seasonal variation and influencing factors of DMS and DMSP concentration distribution in the eastern China shelf sea, which is greatly influenced by human activities, were studied, and the production and consumption rates of DMS in different seasons were measured to find out the controlling factors of DMS biological production in different seasons. Diurnal variations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and particulate DMSP (DMSP) concentrations in phytoplankton of different sizes were studied to identify the major contributors to DMSP. Diurnal variations of DMS and DMSP were studied at specific sites to understand their characteristics and controlling factors. DMS air-sea fluxes in the eastern shelf of China were calculated. The contribution of DMS release to global sulfur release was evaluated, and the contribution of source sulfur to non-sea salt sulfate (nss-SO42-) in aerosols from China shelf was investigated. The concentrations of DMS, DMSPd (DMSPd) and DMSPp were 1.77 (0.48-4.92), 3.98 (0.68-11.32), 3.98 (0.68-11.32) and 17.899 (2.82-52.33) nmol L-1 in spring, 6.85 (1.60-12.36), 7.25 (2.28-19.05) and 61.87 (6.28-19.28-19.05) nmol-1 in summer, 2.64 (0.78-7.78-7.78-7.95), 4.95.95.95.95 (1.4.95) and 17.89-4.89-1 (1.18.82-1-1-52.82-52.82-52.33) nmol-52.33 41 (6.24-137.87) Nmol L-1; winter concentrations are 0.95 (0.07-3.30), 1.18 (0.22-3.54) and 5.01 (1.63-12.33) nmol L-1, respectively. From the above results, we can see that the seasonal variation trend of DMS, DMSPd and DMSPp in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea is summer, autumn, spring and winter. Because of the Bohai Sea, the North Yellow Sea is relatively closed, and the exchange with the sea is not enough, which is greatly influenced by human activities. The spatial distribution of DMS and DMSP in the South Yellow Sea is obviously affected by the Yangtze River diluted water and the South Yellow Sea cold water mass. In the southern part of the South Yellow Sea, the concentration of DMS and DMSP is high in summer and autumn, but low in spring and winter. In addition, the diurnal variation trend of DMS and DMSP is high in the daytime and low in the night, indicating that the biological production process and solar radiation of DMS/DMSP have been observed. Concentrations of DMS, DMSP and DMSP in the East China Sea in spring were 1.84 (0.79-4.86), 2.59 (1.03-7.96) and 12.84 (2.21-30.03) nmol-1, respectively, and 2.99 (0.56-5.97) and 4.74 (2.63-7.26) nmol-1, respectively. The concentrations of DMS, DMSPd and DMSPp in autumn were 1.72 (0.72-5.95), 2.32 (1.24-6.20) and 8.30 (3.27-47.55) nmol L-1, respectively. The horizontal distribution characteristics of DMS and DMSP in different seasons are similar, that is, the trend of DMS and DMSP decreasing gradually from coastal to offshore, but each season has its own characteristics. (2) The correlation analysis of DMS and DMSP with Cl-a shows that the significant correlation appears in the South Yellow Sea in spring, East China Sea in autumn and dinoflagellate ratio. In addition, the correlation between DMS and DMSPp and Cl-a was significant only when the proportion of DMSP high-yield algae was high or a specific algae became dominant algae in the study area. The production and consumption rates of DMS were 12.32 (0.65-34.70) nmol L-1 D-1 and 7.94 (0.17-27.38) nmol L-1 D-1 in spring and 11.42 (1.92-23.34) nmol L-1 D-1 in summer and 9.25 (0.55-28.63) nmol L-1 D-1 and 5.11 (0.1-16.46) nmol L-1 D-1 D-1 in autumn, respectively. The seasonal variation of DMS production and consumption rates were 7.15 (2.52-16.63) nmolL-1d-1 and 4.75 (0.79-14.66) nmol L-1 D-1 in spring and 5.07 (1.49-12.79) nmolL-1 D-1 and 3.36 (0.36-8.33) nmolL-1 D-1 in autumn, respectively. Generally speaking, the high values of DMS occur in algal blooms with high concentration of Chl-a and offshore areas markedly affected by human activities, indicating that the biological production and consumption rate of DMS are closely related to the biological activities of phytoplankton and are significantly affected by human activities in the offshore areas. Correlation analysis showed that DMS production and consumption were significantly different from season to season. DMSPd, DMS and Chl-a were easy to be the primary control factors of DMS production and consumption in algae bloom areas. There is a significant correlation between DMS production and consumption rate and sea water temperature in the East China Sea. This indicates that DMS production and consumption process are affected by many physical, chemical and biological factors such as temperature, salinity, Chl-a, DMS, DMSPd and bacteria. DMSPp and Chl-a were measured in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in summer and South China Sea in spring. The results of both surveys showed that large-sized micro-plankton was the main contributor and its contribution to DMSPp and Chl-a was about 80%. At the same time, we found that microplankton contributed significantly to Chl-a and DMSPp in estuaries and coastal waters with higher nutrients, while picoplankton contributed significantly to Chl-a and DMSPp in central Yellow Sea with lower nutrient concentrations. The sea-air exchange fluxes of DMS in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea were calculated by using the N2000 formula according to the wind speed and the DMS concentration in the surface water. The seasonal variations of DMS flux in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are as follows: summer, autumn, spring and winter; the East China Sea is similar to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, but also summer, autumn and spring. According to the annual average flux and sea area of DMS in different seasons and seas, the annual DMS release in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea were estimated to be 2.98 *10-2 Tg-SA-1 and 6.48 *10-2 Tg-SA-1, respectively. The annual DMS release accounted for 0.09% - 0.2% and 0.20% - 0.43% of the global total (15-33 Tg-S a-1), respectively. The continental shelf area of Eastern China is only a small part of the global ocean (0.34%) but its contribution to DMS is large. (6) The contribution ratios of source sulfur to nss-SO42-bio/MSA in Bohai Sea, North Yellow Sea in spring, summer, autumn and winter are estimated to be 9.70%, 8.90%, 4.90% and 1.95% respectively, and that in South Yellow Sea in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The seasonal contribution ratios were 17.60%, 8.10%, 8.70% and 3.30% respectively, and 13.6%, 5.3% and 4.3% respectively in spring, summer and autumn in the East China Sea. The high contribution rates of sulfides in the eastern China shelf were found in spring, especially in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, which were significantly higher than those in other seasons. The main source of nss-SO42-in atmospheric aerosols and the results show that the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea are more affected by human activities, which may be related to the geographical location of the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P732.6;X513
本文編號：2240349
[Abstract]:Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most important volatile source sulfide in the ocean. Its oxidation products in the atmosphere have an important impact on global climate change and acid rain formation. Therefore, the Biogeochemical Study of DMS and its precursor, p-dimethylmercaptopropionic acid internal salt (DMSP), in this sea area will be helpful to understand the complex interactions among DMS, DMSP, biosphere and atmospheric environment, and to accurately estimate the air-sea flux of DMS and its impacts on climate and environment at regional and global scales. In this paper, the seasonal variation and influencing factors of DMS and DMSP concentration distribution in the eastern China shelf sea, which is greatly influenced by human activities, were studied, and the production and consumption rates of DMS in different seasons were measured to find out the controlling factors of DMS biological production in different seasons. Diurnal variations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and particulate DMSP (DMSP) concentrations in phytoplankton of different sizes were studied to identify the major contributors to DMSP. Diurnal variations of DMS and DMSP were studied at specific sites to understand their characteristics and controlling factors. DMS air-sea fluxes in the eastern shelf of China were calculated. The contribution of DMS release to global sulfur release was evaluated, and the contribution of source sulfur to non-sea salt sulfate (nss-SO42-) in aerosols from China shelf was investigated. The concentrations of DMS, DMSPd (DMSPd) and DMSPp were 1.77 (0.48-4.92), 3.98 (0.68-11.32), 3.98 (0.68-11.32) and 17.899 (2.82-52.33) nmol L-1 in spring, 6.85 (1.60-12.36), 7.25 (2.28-19.05) and 61.87 (6.28-19.28-19.05) nmol-1 in summer, 2.64 (0.78-7.78-7.78-7.95), 4.95.95.95.95 (1.4.95) and 17.89-4.89-1 (1.18.82-1-1-52.82-52.82-52.33) nmol-52.33 41 (6.24-137.87) Nmol L-1; winter concentrations are 0.95 (0.07-3.30), 1.18 (0.22-3.54) and 5.01 (1.63-12.33) nmol L-1, respectively. From the above results, we can see that the seasonal variation trend of DMS, DMSPd and DMSPp in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea is summer, autumn, spring and winter. Because of the Bohai Sea, the North Yellow Sea is relatively closed, and the exchange with the sea is not enough, which is greatly influenced by human activities. The spatial distribution of DMS and DMSP in the South Yellow Sea is obviously affected by the Yangtze River diluted water and the South Yellow Sea cold water mass. In the southern part of the South Yellow Sea, the concentration of DMS and DMSP is high in summer and autumn, but low in spring and winter. In addition, the diurnal variation trend of DMS and DMSP is high in the daytime and low in the night, indicating that the biological production process and solar radiation of DMS/DMSP have been observed. Concentrations of DMS, DMSP and DMSP in the East China Sea in spring were 1.84 (0.79-4.86), 2.59 (1.03-7.96) and 12.84 (2.21-30.03) nmol-1, respectively, and 2.99 (0.56-5.97) and 4.74 (2.63-7.26) nmol-1, respectively. The concentrations of DMS, DMSPd and DMSPp in autumn were 1.72 (0.72-5.95), 2.32 (1.24-6.20) and 8.30 (3.27-47.55) nmol L-1, respectively. The horizontal distribution characteristics of DMS and DMSP in different seasons are similar, that is, the trend of DMS and DMSP decreasing gradually from coastal to offshore, but each season has its own characteristics. (2) The correlation analysis of DMS and DMSP with Cl-a shows that the significant correlation appears in the South Yellow Sea in spring, East China Sea in autumn and dinoflagellate ratio. In addition, the correlation between DMS and DMSPp and Cl-a was significant only when the proportion of DMSP high-yield algae was high or a specific algae became dominant algae in the study area. The production and consumption rates of DMS were 12.32 (0.65-34.70) nmol L-1 D-1 and 7.94 (0.17-27.38) nmol L-1 D-1 in spring and 11.42 (1.92-23.34) nmol L-1 D-1 in summer and 9.25 (0.55-28.63) nmol L-1 D-1 and 5.11 (0.1-16.46) nmol L-1 D-1 D-1 in autumn, respectively. The seasonal variation of DMS production and consumption rates were 7.15 (2.52-16.63) nmolL-1d-1 and 4.75 (0.79-14.66) nmol L-1 D-1 in spring and 5.07 (1.49-12.79) nmolL-1 D-1 and 3.36 (0.36-8.33) nmolL-1 D-1 in autumn, respectively. Generally speaking, the high values of DMS occur in algal blooms with high concentration of Chl-a and offshore areas markedly affected by human activities, indicating that the biological production and consumption rate of DMS are closely related to the biological activities of phytoplankton and are significantly affected by human activities in the offshore areas. Correlation analysis showed that DMS production and consumption were significantly different from season to season. DMSPd, DMS and Chl-a were easy to be the primary control factors of DMS production and consumption in algae bloom areas. There is a significant correlation between DMS production and consumption rate and sea water temperature in the East China Sea. This indicates that DMS production and consumption process are affected by many physical, chemical and biological factors such as temperature, salinity, Chl-a, DMS, DMSPd and bacteria. DMSPp and Chl-a were measured in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in summer and South China Sea in spring. The results of both surveys showed that large-sized micro-plankton was the main contributor and its contribution to DMSPp and Chl-a was about 80%. At the same time, we found that microplankton contributed significantly to Chl-a and DMSPp in estuaries and coastal waters with higher nutrients, while picoplankton contributed significantly to Chl-a and DMSPp in central Yellow Sea with lower nutrient concentrations. The sea-air exchange fluxes of DMS in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea were calculated by using the N2000 formula according to the wind speed and the DMS concentration in the surface water. The seasonal variations of DMS flux in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are as follows: summer, autumn, spring and winter; the East China Sea is similar to the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, but also summer, autumn and spring. According to the annual average flux and sea area of DMS in different seasons and seas, the annual DMS release in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea were estimated to be 2.98 *10-2 Tg-SA-1 and 6.48 *10-2 Tg-SA-1, respectively. The annual DMS release accounted for 0.09% - 0.2% and 0.20% - 0.43% of the global total (15-33 Tg-S a-1), respectively. The continental shelf area of Eastern China is only a small part of the global ocean (0.34%) but its contribution to DMS is large. (6) The contribution ratios of source sulfur to nss-SO42-bio/MSA in Bohai Sea, North Yellow Sea in spring, summer, autumn and winter are estimated to be 9.70%, 8.90%, 4.90% and 1.95% respectively, and that in South Yellow Sea in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The seasonal contribution ratios were 17.60%, 8.10%, 8.70% and 3.30% respectively, and 13.6%, 5.3% and 4.3% respectively in spring, summer and autumn in the East China Sea. The high contribution rates of sulfides in the eastern China shelf were found in spring, especially in the South Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, which were significantly higher than those in other seasons. The main source of nss-SO42-in atmospheric aerosols and the results show that the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea are more affected by human activities, which may be related to the geographical location of the Bohai Sea and the North Yellow Sea.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P732.6;X513
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