發(fā)布時間：2018-09-10 15:40

【摘要】：能源危機(jī)、生態(tài)環(huán)境污染、偏遠(yuǎn)海島維權(quán)等問題的出現(xiàn),引發(fā)了世界各國對于無污染、可再生能源的迫切需求,開發(fā)清潔能源成為各國貫徹可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要手段。占地球表面70%的海洋吸引了世界各國關(guān)注的目光,廣闊的海洋蘊(yùn)藏著儲量驚人的可再生能源,其中最具代表性的有潮流能、波浪能等�？v觀國內(nèi)外海洋能技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,國外對于波浪能和潮流能的利用相對較早,憑借著突出的資源優(yōu)勢,部分國外波浪能和潮流能發(fā)電裝置已實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,并呈現(xiàn)出大裝機(jī)容量、高可靠性、高轉(zhuǎn)換效率等特點(diǎn)。我國自主設(shè)計(jì)的絕大多數(shù)海洋能發(fā)電裝置仍處于研發(fā)階段,鮮有意義重大的示范項(xiàng)目,與國外技術(shù)存在一定的差距。現(xiàn)有的國內(nèi)外波能發(fā)電技術(shù)多種多樣,但多級能量轉(zhuǎn)換的形式大大降低了發(fā)電效率,也是造成發(fā)電成本高昂的主要原因之一。因此,如何解決能量分散不易集中、開發(fā)成本高、裝置運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性差等問題,成為了能否推動技術(shù)突破的關(guān)鍵問題。論文基于現(xiàn)有的波浪潮流技術(shù)及裝置結(jié)構(gòu),以提升能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率為目的,自主研發(fā)了一種通過S形葉輪完成能量捕獲的新型浪流發(fā)電裝置。裝置采用特殊設(shè)計(jì)的葉輪與雙邊電機(jī)組的搭配可以將能量的轉(zhuǎn)化效率最大化,同時兼顧電機(jī)的選型與密封、裝置整體的降阻及輕量化,采用CATIA、FLUENT等軟件完成裝置結(jié)構(gòu)的建模與仿真分析。在結(jié)構(gòu)部分的設(shè)計(jì)完成后,制作了不同尺寸工程樣機(jī)完成配套水槽試驗(yàn)及海上試驗(yàn)。下面逐條簡述設(shè)計(jì)思路及相關(guān)試驗(yàn)方法:首先對比主流的海洋能利用技術(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn),能量轉(zhuǎn)換的中間環(huán)節(jié)是導(dǎo)致利用率低的原因之一,因此確定了直驅(qū)式的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,省去了復(fù)雜的中間環(huán)節(jié)。參考軸流泵葉輪裝置結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于S形葉輪浪流發(fā)電裝置,采用升力法設(shè)計(jì)葉輪結(jié)構(gòu)并計(jì)算參數(shù)。其次結(jié)合實(shí)際海況及葉輪尺寸,選用細(xì)長型永磁發(fā)電機(jī)作為能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,為了達(dá)到能量利用率最大化,在葉輪兩端對稱布置兩組發(fā)電機(jī)。為了檢驗(yàn)結(jié)構(gòu)及發(fā)電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)能否滿足海上試驗(yàn)的要求,開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了一套實(shí)驗(yàn)室用模擬海浪發(fā)電機(jī)測試系統(tǒng),通過繼電器與電磁閥控制水泵實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬海浪流速的效果,進(jìn)而完成不同條件下發(fā)電機(jī)功率等參數(shù)的測量。隨后闡述海洋能相關(guān)理論,依據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)選取相關(guān)計(jì)算模型、公式及流體力學(xué)系數(shù)。借助CATIA完成建模,運(yùn)用FLUENT軟件分析輪機(jī)的水動力性能和結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)性能,驗(yàn)證了理論設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,同時將仿真分析后的輪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),相關(guān)參數(shù)用于工程樣機(jī)的制造。最后將制造完成的多組工程樣機(jī)分別應(yīng)用于水槽及海上試驗(yàn),經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:S形葉輪具有雙邊捕獲性能,電機(jī)密封達(dá)到海試條件要求,輪機(jī)具有低速啟動特性及優(yōu)良的能量利用率。試驗(yàn)過程不僅積累了大量的有效數(shù)據(jù),同時也為后期浪流能量的結(jié)合利用研究提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:The emergence of energy crisis, ecological environment pollution, remote island rights and other issues has triggered the urgent needs of non-polluting and renewable energy sources in the world. The development of clean energy has become an important means for countries to implement sustainable development strategy. The ocean which accounts for 70% of the earth's surface has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. The vast ocean contains amazing reserves of renewable energy, among which the most representative are tidal energy, wave energy and so on. According to the development of ocean energy technology at home and abroad, the wave energy and tidal current energy are utilized relatively early abroad, and some foreign wave energy and tidal current power generation devices have realized grid power generation by virtue of their outstanding resource advantages. And presents large installed capacity, high reliability, high conversion efficiency and other characteristics. The vast majority of oceanic power generation devices designed independently in China are still in the stage of research and development. There are few significant demonstration projects and there is a certain gap between China and foreign technology. There are a variety of wave energy generation technologies at home and abroad, but the multilevel energy conversion greatly reduces the efficiency of power generation, which is one of the main reasons for the high cost of power generation. Therefore, how to solve the problems of energy dispersion, high development cost and poor operation stability becomes the key problem to promote the technical breakthrough. Based on the existing wave power flow technology and device structure, in order to improve the efficiency of energy conversion, a new type of wave current power generation device is developed in this paper, which can capture the energy through S-shaped impeller. The equipment adopts the special design impeller and the bilateral motor group collocation can maximize the energy conversion efficiency, at the same time takes into account the motor type selection and the seal, the device overall reduction resistance and the lightweight, CATIA,FLUENT and other software are used to model and simulate the device structure. After the design of the structure part is finished, different size engineering prototypes are made to complete the complete flume test and offshore test. The following is a brief description of the design ideas and related test methods: firstly, comparing with the mainstream oceanic energy utilization technology, it is found that the intermediate link of energy conversion is one of the reasons for the low utilization rate, so the structural form of the direct-drive type is determined. The complicated intermediate links are eliminated. According to the impeller structure of axial flow pump, a kind of power generation device based on S-shaped impeller wave current is designed. The lifting method is used to design the impeller structure and calculate the parameters. Secondly, considering the actual sea conditions and impeller size, the slender permanent magnet generator is selected as the energy conversion device. In order to maximize energy utilization, two sets of generators are arranged symmetrically at both ends of the impeller. In order to test whether the structure and generator design can meet the requirements of sea test, a test system of simulated wave generator used in laboratory is developed. The simulation effect of wave velocity is realized by controlling water pump with relay and solenoid valve. Furthermore, the parameters of generator power are measured under different conditions. Then the related theory of ocean energy is expounded, and the relevant calculation model, formula and hydrodynamic coefficient are selected according to the design parameters. With the help of CATIA, the hydrodynamic and structural mechanical properties of the turbine are analyzed by FLUENT software, and the rationality of the theoretical design is verified. At the same time, the optimized design of the turbine structure after simulation is carried out, and the relevant parameters are used in the manufacture of the engineering prototype. Finally, the completed multi-group engineering prototypes are applied to the flume and offshore tests respectively. It is concluded that the two-sided capture performance of the W / S impeller is obtained, and the seal of the motor meets the requirements of sea test. The turbine has low speed starting characteristic and excellent energy utilization ratio. The experiment process not only accumulates a large amount of effective data, but also provides a new idea for the research of the combination of wave and current energy in the later stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P742;P743

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