【摘要】：海洋環(huán)境的復雜性和不確定性易對海洋平臺的結構造成不利影響,對平臺的安全運營形成隱患。為了保障平臺的安全作業(yè),優(yōu)化平臺結構設計,需要對海洋平臺實施長期現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測。市場上的很多傳感器由于自身的一些特點,比如外部封裝、通信方式、價格等,無法滿足海洋平臺監(jiān)測的需求。所以有必要根據(jù)海洋平臺監(jiān)測需求開發(fā)平臺監(jiān)測專用的測量裝置。 本文以南�！疤魬�(zhàn)”號為背景,針對平臺結構和氣候環(huán)境特點,對海洋平臺監(jiān)測技術及測量裝置進行了研究,提出了一套深海浮式平臺監(jiān)測方案,并開發(fā)了兩款適用于平臺監(jiān)測的測量裝置：自容式系泊測量裝置和航姿參考系統(tǒng)。針對系泊鏈的姿態(tài)和位置開發(fā)了自容式系泊測量裝置。該裝置內部高精度的傳感器和高分辨率的ADC確保了儀器的精度。從硬件和軟件兩方面進行低功耗設計,最大限度地延長電池使用壽命。經(jīng)過嚴格的標定與性能測試,保證裝置的穩(wěn)定性與準確性。針對浮體的姿態(tài)開發(fā)了航姿參考系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由三軸加速度計、三軸陀螺儀和三軸磁強計組成,采用四元數(shù)法解算姿態(tài),并通過卡爾曼濾波器進行信息融合來補償四元數(shù)法的誤差。對主要誤差來源陀螺儀的漂移進行了小波降噪處理,提高解算精度。經(jīng)實驗驗證該航姿參考系統(tǒng)能夠正確的反映載體的姿態(tài)信息,證明了組成方案的可行性和算法的正確性。 目前,該監(jiān)測方案已經(jīng)在南�！疤魬�(zhàn)”號平臺實施了兩年時間,獲得了大量寶貴的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),證實了監(jiān)測方案的可行性和正確性。自容式系泊測量裝置已多次應用于系泊監(jiān)測。通過對監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的分析驗證了該裝置性能穩(wěn)定可靠、測量數(shù)據(jù)真實可信、儀器精度和分辨率能夠滿足海洋平臺系泊監(jiān)測需求。
[Abstract]:The complexity and uncertainty of the marine environment can affect the structure of the offshore platform and cause hidden trouble to the safe operation of the platform. In order to ensure the safe operation of the platform and optimize the design of the platform structure, it is necessary to carry out long-term on-site monitoring of the offshore platform. Many sensors in the market can not meet the needs of offshore platform monitoring because of their own characteristics, such as external packaging, communication mode, price and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a special measuring device for platform monitoring according to the requirements of offshore platform monitoring. Based on the "Challenge" of the South China Sea and the characteristics of platform structure and climate environment, the monitoring technology and measuring device of offshore platform are studied in this paper, and a set of monitoring scheme of deep-sea floating platform is put forward. Two measuring devices suitable for platform monitoring are developed: self-contained mooring measuring device and attitude reference system. A self-contained mooring measuring device is developed for the attitude and position of mooring chain. The high-precision sensor and high-resolution ADC ensure the accuracy of the instrument. Low power design from hardware and software to maximize battery life. After strict calibration and performance testing to ensure the stability and accuracy of the device. Aiming at the attitude of floating body, the attitude reference system is developed. The system consists of three axis accelerometers, three axis gyroscopes and three axis magnetometers. The quaternion method is used to calculate the attitude and the Kalman filter is used for information fusion to compensate the error of the quaternion method. The drift of gyroscope, the main error source, is reduced by wavelet to improve the accuracy of calculation. Experimental results show that the attitude reference system can accurately reflect the attitude information of the carrier, which proves the feasibility of the scheme and the correctness of the algorithm. At present, the monitoring scheme has been implemented in the South China Sea "Challenge" platform for two years, and a large number of valuable monitoring data have been obtained, which proves the feasibility and correctness of the monitoring scheme. The self-contained mooring measuring device has been used in mooring monitoring many times. Through the analysis of the monitoring data, it is proved that the device is stable and reliable, the measuring data is true and reliable, and the precision and resolution of the instrument can meet the requirements of the mooring monitoring of offshore platform.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P752;TP274

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