【摘要】：海洋沉積物沉積特征和物質(zhì)來源的研究是海洋地質(zhì)學(xué)的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容，也是研究近代沉積作用的核心問題之一。綜合運(yùn)用沉積物的粒度、碎屑礦物和粘土礦物、元素地球化學(xué)、同位素示蹤和生物組合等分析判別方法可探討沉積環(huán)境和物源。本文通過對研究區(qū)表層樣、柱狀樣碎屑沉積物的重、輕礦物組合特征，沉積物的單粒級（極細(xì)砂0.063-0.125mm）等研究，探討了遼東灣沉積物的物質(zhì)來源和沉積環(huán)境。 對研究區(qū)38個(gè)海岸帶表層樣，43個(gè)河流樣，14根巖芯柱狀（鑒定271個(gè)樣品）沉積物樣品進(jìn)行了綜合分析，運(yùn)用礦物學(xué)、粒度分析和沉積動(dòng)力學(xué)手段，研究了表層沉積物礦物組成、擴(kuò)散運(yùn)移趨勢，并選取多種礦物指標(biāo)運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)聚類分析方法進(jìn)行礦物組合分區(qū)，從而深入探討沉積物物質(zhì)來源、沉積環(huán)境等內(nèi)容。 研究區(qū)表層沉積物極細(xì)砂粒級與重礦物含量對比分析表明二者之間存在明顯的負(fù)相關(guān)性。極細(xì)砂含量也可反映水環(huán)境條件，在遼河、大凌河等河口區(qū)沉積物以細(xì)質(zhì)組分為主，水能相對較弱，而在遼東灣東岸沉積物粒度較粗，海岸水動(dòng)力作用較強(qiáng)。 礦物分析表明研究區(qū)共統(tǒng)計(jì)了41種重礦物，重礦物主要有角閃石、綠簾石、石榴石、磁鐵礦、鈦鐵礦和榍石等；輕礦物約11種主要為石英、長石（以斜長石為主）。應(yīng)用Q型聚類分析將研究區(qū)表層沉積物劃分出3個(gè)礦物區(qū)；一區(qū)，老鐵山—復(fù)州灣北，優(yōu)勢礦物組合為金屬礦物-角閃石類-簾石類，金屬礦物以鈦鐵礦為主，特征礦物為石榴子石，復(fù)州河及沿岸沖刷可能為其主要物源；二區(qū)，復(fù)州灣北—營口，優(yōu)勢組合礦物為角閃石類-金屬礦物-簾石類，，金屬礦物中磁鐵礦含量高，特征礦物為榍石、鋯石，明顯受到大遼河及沿岸短源河流物質(zhì)影響；三區(qū)，營口—秦皇島，其優(yōu)勢礦物組合為角閃石類-簾石類-金屬礦物，褐鐵礦是金屬礦物中主要組分，特征礦物為石榴子石、磷灰石，遼河、大凌河對其貢獻(xiàn)作用突出，六股河有所貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)海岸地貌與重礦物含量關(guān)系本區(qū)分作三種沉積環(huán)境重礦物分布區(qū)：河口型、港灣型、海島型。 對14個(gè)柱樣的巖性特征研究顯示，柱樣中從表層到底層極細(xì)砂的含量波動(dòng)，反映水動(dòng)力的變化。重礦物分析表明，研究區(qū)不穩(wěn)定礦物含量較高，柱樣中的自生黃鐵礦含量變化能指示沉積環(huán)境的氧化還原條件與分選作用變化。結(jié)果顯示遼東灣兩側(cè)岸段水動(dòng)力相對較強(qiáng)，灣頂水能較弱，與粒度分析得出的結(jié)論基本一致。
[Abstract]:The study of sedimentary characteristics and material sources of marine sediments is an important part of marine geology and one of the core issues in the study of modern sedimentation. The sedimentary environment and provenance can be discussed by using the methods of grain size, clastic minerals and clay minerals, element geochemistry, isotopic tracer and bioassemblage. In this paper, the material source and sedimentary environment of sediments in Liaodong Bay are discussed by studying the characteristics of heavy and light mineral assemblages of surface samples and columnar clastic sediments, and the single grain size (0.063-0.125mm) of sediments in the study area. The mineral composition of surface sediments was studied by means of mineralogy, granularity analysis and sedimentation dynamics, including 14 core columnar samples (identified 271 samples) from 38 coastal zone surface samples and 43 river samples. The trend of diffusion and migration, and the systematic cluster analysis method are used to divide the mineral assemblage, so as to discuss the source of sediment material and the sedimentary environment and so on. The comparative analysis of the ultrafine sand grade and heavy mineral content in the surface sediment in the study area shows that there is an obvious negative correlation between them. The content of very fine sand can also reflect the water environmental conditions. In Liaohe, Dalinghe and other estuaries, the sediment is mainly composed of fine components and relatively weak in water energy, while in the eastern coast of Liaodong Bay, the grain size of sediment is relatively coarse, and the coastal hydrodynamic action is stronger. Mineral analysis shows that there are 41 kinds of heavy minerals, including hornblende, verdant, garnet, magnetite, ilmenite and sphene, while 11 kinds of light minerals are mainly quartz and feldspar (mainly plagioclase). The surface sediments of the study area are divided into three mineral areas by using Q cluster analysis: the first area is Laotieshan-Fuzhou Bay, the dominant mineral assemblage is metal mineral, hornblende and curtain, and the main metal mineral is ilmenite. The characteristic mineral is pomegranate, which may be the main material source of Fuzhou River and coastal scour, the dominant assemblage mineral is hornblende, metal mineral and curtain type, and the magnetite content in metal mineral is high, in the second area, in the north of Fuzhou Bay and Yingkou, the dominant assemblage mineral is hornblende, metal mineral and hornblende. The characteristic minerals are sphene and zircon, which are obviously influenced by the Daliaohe River and the short-source fluvial materials along the coast, and the dominant mineral assemblage in the third area, Yingkou-Qinhuangdao, is hornblende, curtain stone and metal minerals, and limonite is the main component of the metal minerals. The typical minerals are pomegranate, apatite, Liaohe and Dalinghe. According to the relationship between coastal geomorphology and heavy mineral content, there are three distribution areas of heavy minerals in sedimentary environment: estuarine type, estuarine type and island type. The study of lithologic characteristics of 14 column samples shows that the contents of very fine sand fluctuate from the surface to the bottom reflecting the change of hydrodynamics. The analysis of heavy minerals shows that the unstable mineral content in the study area is relatively high, and the variation of the content of autogenous pyrite in the column sample can indicate the redox conditions and the separation process of the sedimentary environment. The results show that the hydrodynamic force is relatively strong and the water energy at the top of the bay is relatively weak, which is consistent with the conclusion of grain size analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P736.21

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