【摘要】：冰凍是世界上高海拔、高緯度地區(qū)普遍存在的一種自然現(xiàn)象。北歐與亞洲的很多國家都存在不同程度的河冰問題。我國北緯25度以北的江、河、湖、海,冬季都有不同程度的冰情危害或嚴重的凌汛災(zāi)害。在渤海及黃海北部海域每年都會發(fā)生海水結(jié)冰現(xiàn)象。冰凍引起的自然災(zāi)害阻礙航運,對發(fā)電、供水,橋梁和沿岸建筑物都會形成極大的威脅。特別是冰凌形成時往往會影響航運、增加水工建筑物的荷載,嚴重時引發(fā)冰凌潰壩決口等災(zāi)害。凌汛災(zāi)害是最嚴重的何冰危害。對海冰與河冰的變化規(guī)律的研究在全球氣候系統(tǒng)研究領(lǐng)域和冰凌災(zāi)害的預(yù)防工作中都具有十分重要的基礎(chǔ)性地位,其中對冰的生消過程規(guī)律的研究是海冰與河冰問題研究工作中非常關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)。本課題在國家自然科學基金項目“基于空氣、冰與水物理特性差異的冰層生消過程與力學強度連續(xù)在線檢測原理研究“(項目編號:51279122)”的資助下,進行了“基于介質(zhì)溫度特性的冰層厚度檢測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與數(shù)據(jù)分析”課題的研究,完成了冰情檢測溫度鏈傳感器及其系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計工作與冰情數(shù)據(jù)分析方法的研究。主要的研究工作內(nèi)容包括:(1)通過查閱相關(guān)文獻資料,分析、研究了作者所在科研課題組近幾年在完成黃河內(nèi)蒙段、萬家寨水庫等現(xiàn)場冰情檢測試驗中獲得的數(shù)據(jù)及工程應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗,確定了本課題的研究目標與任務(wù)。(2)以作者所在科研課題組研制成功的“R-T冰情檢測傳感器”為依據(jù),分析研究了空氣、冰與水的電導(dǎo)特性和溫度特性,以介質(zhì)溫度特性為測量物理參數(shù),開展了本課題的研究工作。(3)選擇高性能數(shù)字溫度測量芯片LTC2983作為溫度測量主控單元,對PT-RTD和熱敏電阻兩類器件進行了溫度特性對比實驗。根據(jù)相關(guān)實驗數(shù)據(jù),選用熱敏電阻作為冰情檢測溫度鏈傳感器的溫度敏感元件。(4)以熱敏電阻與芯片LTC2983為冰情檢測溫度鏈傳感器核心器件進行了高精度冰情檢測溫度鏈系統(tǒng)的整體設(shè)計,完成了系統(tǒng)相關(guān)硬件電路的設(shè)計,并開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的配套軟件。(5)在冰情數(shù)據(jù)的分析中,根據(jù)冰情檢測過程中涉及的被測介質(zhì)溫度分布規(guī)律特點,提出了運用數(shù)學分析中聚類方法實現(xiàn)不同介質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)的分類,進而采用線性擬合方法計算冰層厚度的冰情數(shù)據(jù)處理方法。經(jīng)過對黃河冰情現(xiàn)場采集數(shù)據(jù)的分析計算,驗證了該數(shù)據(jù)分析方法獲得的正確性。這一新的冰情數(shù)據(jù)處理方法可以為冰工程應(yīng)用中冰情現(xiàn)場觀測數(shù)據(jù)處理提供一種新的冰層厚度計算途徑。
[Abstract]:Freezing is a natural phenomenon in high altitude and high latitude of the world. Many countries in northern Europe and Asia have varying degrees of river ice problems. The river, lake, sea and winter north of 25 degrees north latitude of our country all have different degrees of ice condition harm or serious ice flood disaster. Sea water freezes every year in the Bohai Sea and Huang Hai's northern waters. Frozen natural disasters hinder shipping and pose a serious threat to power generation, water supply, bridges and coastal buildings. Especially when ice is formed, it will often affect shipping, increase the load of hydraulic structures, and cause serious disasters such as the break of ice dam break. Ice-flood disaster is the most serious He Bing harm. The study of the variation of sea ice and river ice plays an important and fundamental role in the field of global climate system research and ice disaster prevention. Among them, the study on the process of ice formation and removal is a key link in the research of sea ice and river ice. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the principle of continuous online measurement of ice deposition process and mechanical strength based on the difference of physical characteristics of air, ice and water" (Project No.: 51279122). The design and data analysis of ice thickness detection system based on the temperature characteristics of medium are studied. The design work of the temperature chain sensor and its system and the method of ice condition data analysis are completed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) by consulting relevant documents and analyzing the author's research group in recent years in the completion of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia section, Based on the data and engineering application experience obtained in the field ice condition test of Wanjiazhai Reservoir, the research objectives and tasks of this subject are determined. (2) based on the "R-T ice condition detection sensor" developed by the author in the scientific research group, The conductivity and temperature characteristics of air, ice and water are analyzed and studied. Taking the temperature characteristics of the medium as the physical parameters, the research work is carried out. (3) the high performance digital temperature measurement chip LTC2983 is selected as the main temperature measurement control unit. The temperature characteristics of PT-RTD and thermistor are compared. According to the relevant experimental data, The thermistor is selected as the temperature sensitive element of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. (4) the temperature chain system of high precision ice condition detection is designed by using the thermistor and chip LTC2983 as the core devices of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. The related hardware circuit of the system is designed, and the corresponding software is developed. (5) in the analysis of ice condition data, according to the characteristics of temperature distribution of measured medium in the process of ice condition detection, In this paper, the classification of different media data is realized by clustering method in mathematical analysis, and the ice condition data processing method using linear fitting method to calculate ice thickness is put forward. The correctness of the method is verified by the analysis and calculation of the data collected on the site of the Yellow River ice regime. This new method can provide a new way to calculate the thickness of ice in ice field observation data processing in ice engineering.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P332.8;P714.1

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