【摘要】：本論文分別于2015年7月和2016年1月,乘“創(chuàng)新號”在膠州灣采集無擾動沉積柱和同站位底層海水,采用實驗室培養(yǎng)法在原位的溫度和溶氧條件下測定了膠州灣沉積物-海水界面硝酸鹽(NO_3-N)、亞硝酸鹽(NO_2-N)、銨鹽(NH_4-N)、磷酸鹽(PO_4-P)和硅酸鹽(SiO_3-Si)的交換速率。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進一步估算了夏、冬兩季溶解無機營養(yǎng)鹽在膠州灣沉積物-海水界面的交換通量及其對初級生產(chǎn)力的貢獻,并探討了相關(guān)環(huán)境因子對界面營養(yǎng)鹽交換的影響。所得主要結(jié)果如下:1、膠州灣沉積物-海水界面SiO_3-Si均表現(xiàn)為從沉積物向水體遷移,而DIN和PO_4-P在不同季節(jié)的遷移方向并不一致,夏季膠州灣沉積物主要表現(xiàn)為水體DIN的源,冬季則整體表現(xiàn)為DIN和PO_4-P的匯。基于估算的膠州灣沉積物-海水界面營養(yǎng)鹽的交換通量結(jié)果,夏季沉積物釋放的N、P可提供維持初級生產(chǎn)力所需N、P的39.3%和14.1%,夏、冬季膠州灣沉積物釋放的Si分別可提供維持初級生產(chǎn)力所需Si的15.6%和25.8%。膠州灣多數(shù)站位沉積物-海水界面無機氮主要以NO_3-N和NH_4-N的形式進行交換。在夏季,膠州灣多數(shù)站位沉積物表現(xiàn)為水體NO_3-N的源,冬季則表現(xiàn)為匯,交換速率為-714~1 560μmol/(m2·d)。NO_2-N在膠州灣沉積物-海水界面的交換速率普遍較低,夏季沉積物多表現(xiàn)為水體NO_2-N的源,冬季則表現(xiàn)為水體NO_2-N匯,交換速率為-117~941μmol/(m2·d)。夏季膠州灣沉積物表現(xiàn)為NH_4-N的源,而在冬季多數(shù)站位沉積物表現(xiàn)為水體NH_4-N的匯,交換速率在-1 334~26064μmol/(m2·d)范圍內(nèi)。夏季沉積物-海水界面PO_4-P的遷移方向并不一致,而冬季沉積物則表現(xiàn)為水體PO_4-P的匯,界面PO_4-P的交換速率為-128~861μmol/(m2·d)。夏、冬季膠州灣沉積物均表現(xiàn)為水體SiO_3-Si的源,交換速率為43~4 889μmol/(m2·d)。夏季膠州灣沉積物海水界面間NO_3-N、NO_2-N和NH_4-N的交換通量分別為2.35×108、6.35×107、1.34×109 mmol·d-1,能提供維持初級生產(chǎn)力所需N的39.3%,PO_4-P的交換通量為3.69×107 mmol·d-1,能提供維持初級生產(chǎn)力所需P的14.1%。而冬季沉積物則表現(xiàn)為水體NO_3-n、NO_2-n、NH_4n和PO_4-p的匯,其交換通量分別為-6.39×107、-1.49×107、-1.33×108、和-2.20×107mmol·d-1。夏、冬季膠州灣SiO_3-si的交換通量分別為6.50×108和1.32×108mmol·d-1,分別提供維持初級生產(chǎn)力所需si的15.6%和25.8%。2、夏季膠州灣沉積物中有機質(zhì)的礦化作用劇烈,對沉積物中各種營養(yǎng)鹽的交換均有較為顯著的影響。同時,夏季NH_4n的交換還受底棲藻類的同化作用和吸附-解吸過程調(diào)控,而SiO_3-si的交換受到溶解和擴散過程調(diào)控。冬季沉積物中有機質(zhì)的礦化作用較弱,底棲藻類的同化作用和擴散過程對沉積物-海水界面NO_3-n、PO_4-p和SiO_3-si的交換影響顯著。另外,PO_4-p的交換還受有機質(zhì)的吸附-解吸作用調(diào)控,而SiO_3-si的交換也受粘土礦物中硅的溶解過程調(diào)控。與夏季相似,礦化和吸附-解吸作用依舊是調(diào)控冬季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面NH_4n交換的主要過程。夏季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面NO_3-n的交換速率僅與表層沉積物的含水率、底層NO_3-n濃度和間隙水中NO_3-n濃度相關(guān),而NO_2-n和NH_4-n的交換速率與底質(zhì)參數(shù)、底層水體和間隙水體中對應營養(yǎng)鹽的濃度均無顯著相關(guān),由主成分回歸分析可知,影響夏季NO_3-n、NO_2-n和NH_4n交換的主要環(huán)境因子是表層沉積物的chla、toc、tn、含水率和底層無機氮濃度。由主要影響因子與營養(yǎng)鹽交換速率的關(guān)系可推知沉積物中有機質(zhì)的礦化作用和擴散可能是調(diào)控NO_3-n交換的主要過程。沉積物中有機質(zhì)的礦化、底棲藻類的同化作用、沉積物的吸附-解吸和擴散可能是調(diào)控夏季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面NH_4n交換的主要過程。NO_2-n交換與界面NH_4n交換對環(huán)境因子變化的響應較為一致,因此NO_2-n的交換可能主要受硝化作用調(diào)控。PO_4-p的交換速率僅與表層沉積物的toc和c/n相關(guān),而影響其交換的主要環(huán)境因子是表層沉積物的chla、toc和tp,有機質(zhì)的礦化作用可能是影響夏季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面PO_4-p交換的主要過程。夏季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面SiO_3-si的交換速率與間隙水中SiO_3-si濃度、底層SiO_3-si濃度差、表層沉積物的toc、chla、bsi和含水率相關(guān),表層沉積物的chla、toc、bsi、含水率和間隙水中SiO_3-si濃度是主要影響因子,溶解和擴散過程可能是調(diào)控夏季SiO_3-si交換的主要過程,而有機質(zhì)的礦化能通過改變沉積物性質(zhì)促進夏季底層SiO_3-Si的交換。冬季沉積物-海水界面NO_3-N的交換與底質(zhì)參數(shù)、底層水體和間隙水體中NO_3-N濃度均無顯著相關(guān),主要影響因子是表層沉積物中的Chl a含量和間隙水中DIN濃度,沉積物-海水界面NO_3-N的交換受底棲藻類的同化作用和擴散共同調(diào)控。NO_2-N和NH_4-N的交換速率僅與表層沉積物中Chl a呈一定正相關(guān),表層沉積物的Chl a、粘土含量和D50是影響NH_4-N交換的主要環(huán)境因子,底層NH_4-N的交換可能主要受海洋內(nèi)源自生有機質(zhì)的降解作用和吸附-解吸過程調(diào)控。與夏季一樣,冬季膠州灣沉積物-海水界面NO_2-N交換與界面NH_4-N交換對環(huán)境因子變化的響應較為一致,因此NO_2-N的交換可能受硝化作用調(diào)控。PO_4-P的交換速率僅與表層TOC相關(guān),主要影響因子有表層沉積物中的Chl a、TOC、含水率、底層PO_4-P濃度和間隙水PO_4-P濃度,有機質(zhì)對PO_4-P的吸附-解吸作用、底棲生物的同化作用和擴散可能是調(diào)控冬季底層PO_4-P交換的主要過程。SiO_3-Si的交換與間隙水中SiO_3-Si濃度和表層沉積物中BSi含量相關(guān),主要影響因子是表層沉積物中的Chl a含量和間隙水中SiO_3-Si濃度,主要受底棲藻類的同化作用、溶解和擴散過程調(diào)控。
[Abstract]:In July 2015 and January 2016, the undisturbed sediment column and the bottom water in the same station were collected in the Jiaozhou Bay by "innovation number". The laboratory culture method was used to determine the nitrate (NO_3-N), NO_2-N, NH_4-N, PO_4-P and phosphate (PO_4-P) in the sediment sea interface under the temperature and dissolved oxygen condition in situ. The exchange rate of silicate (SiO_3-Si). On this basis, the exchange fluxes of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Jiaozhou Bay sediment sea interface and their contribution to primary productivity in the summer and winter two quarter were further estimated. The effects of related environmental factors on the exchange of nutrients in the interface were also discussed. The main results are as follows: 1, sediment sea in the Jiaozhou Bay. The water interface SiO_3-Si shows the migration from the sediments to the water body, while the migration direction of DIN and PO_4-P is not consistent in different seasons. The Jiaozhou Bay Sediments in the summer are mainly the source of the water body DIN, and in winter the overall performance is the sink of DIN and PO_4-P. Based on the estimated exchange fluxes of the nutrients in the sediment sea interface of the Jiaozhou Bay, Xia Jichen The product release of N, P can provide N for maintenance of primary productivity, 39.3% and 14.1% of P, summer, and winter Jiaozhou Bay sediment release Si, respectively, to provide 15.6% of Si for maintaining primary productivity and 25.8%. in most of the sediment in the Gulf of Jiaozhou Bay - inorganic nitrogen in the sea interface, mainly in the form of NO_3-N and NH_4-N. In summer, most of the Jiaozhou Bay The platform sediments are the source of water body NO_3-N, and the exchange rate is -714~1 560 mu mol/ (m2. D).NO_2-N in the sediment sea interface of Jiaozhou Bay, which is generally low in the winter. In summer, the sediment is mostly the source of water body NO_2-N, and the exchange rate is -117~941 micron mol/ (M2 d) in winter. The sediment of the state Bay is the source of NH_4-N, while most of the sediments in winter show a sink of NH_4-N in the water body. The exchange rate is within the range of -1 334~26064 mol/ (m2. D). In summer, the migration direction of the sediment sea interface PO_4-P is not consistent, while the sediment in winter is the sink of the water PO_4-P, and the exchange rate of the interface PO_4-P is -128~861. Mol/ (m2. D). In summer and winter, the sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay are all the source of SiO_3-Si in the water body, the exchange rate is 43~4 889 mol/ (m2. D). The exchange flux between the sediment and the seawater interface of the Jiaozhou Bay in summer is 2.35 * 108,6.35 * 109 The amount of 3.69 * 107 mmol. D-1 provides a 14.1%. for P for the maintenance of primary productivity, while the sediment in winter is shown as the sink of NO_3-n, NO_2-n, NH_4n and PO_4-p in water body, and the exchange flux is -6.39 * 107, -1.49 * 107, -1.33 * 108, and -2.20 *. The exchange flux of the Jiaozhou Bay in winter is 6.50 * 108 and 1.32 * respectively. D-1, 15.6% and 25.8%.2 for the maintenance of primary productivity, respectively, the mineralization of organic matter in the sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay in summer is intense, and it has a significant effect on the exchange of various nutrients in the sediments. At the same time, the exchange of NH_4n in summer is also regulated by the assimilation and desorption of benthic algae and the exchange of SiO_3-si. The mineralization of organic matter in the sediments is weak in winter. The assimilation and diffusion process of benthic algae have significant influence on the exchange of NO_3-n, PO_4-p and SiO_3-si in the sediment sea interface. In addition, the exchange of PO_4-p is also regulated by the adsorption desorption of organic matter, and the exchange of SiO_3-si is also affected by clay. The dissolution process of silicon in the mineral is similar to that in summer. Mineralization and desorption are still the main process to regulate the exchange of NH_4n in the sediment sea interface of Jiaozhou Bay in winter. The exchange rate of NO_3-n in the sediment sea interface in the summer of Jiaozhou Bay is only with the water content of the surface sediments, the underlying NO_3-n concentration and the NO_3-n concentration in the interstitial water. The exchange rate of NO_2-n and NH_4-n has no significant correlation with the substrate parameters, the concentration of the corresponding nutrients in the bottom water and the interstitial water. By the principal component regression analysis, the main environmental factors affecting the exchange of NO_3-n, NO_2-n and NH_4n in summer are the Chla of the surface sediments, TOC, TN, water content and the bottom inorganic nitrogen concentration. The relationship between factors and the exchange rate of nutrients can be deduced that the mineralization and diffusion of organic matter in the sediment may be the main process to regulate NO_3-n exchange. The mineralization of organic matter, the assimilation of benthic algae, adsorption desorption and diffusion of sediment may be the main control of the exchange of NH_4n in the sediment sea interface of Jiaozhou Bay in summer. The response of process.NO_2-n exchange and interface NH_4n exchange to the change of environmental factors is more consistent. Therefore, the exchange of NO_2-n may be mainly regulated by nitrification and the exchange rate of.PO_4-p is related only to the TOC and c/n of the surface sediments. The main environmental factors affecting the exchange are Chla, TOC and TP, and the mineralization of organic matter in the surface sediments. It may be the main process that affects the PO_4-p exchange in the sediment sea interface of the Jiaozhou Bay in summer. The exchange rate of the sediment sea interface SiO_3-si in the Summer Bay and the concentration of SiO_3-si in the interstitial water, the low SiO_3-si concentration at the bottom, the TOC, Chla, BSI and the water content of the surface sediments, the Chla of the surface sediments, TOC, BSI, water content and S in the interstitial water The concentration of iO_3-si is the main influencing factor, and the process of dissolution and diffusion may be the main process to regulate the exchange of SiO_3-si in summer, and the mineralization of organic matter can promote the exchange of SiO_3-Si at the bottom of the summer by changing the properties of the sediments. The exchange of NO_3-N in the sediment sea interface and the number of sediment, the concentration of NO_3-N in the bottom water and the interstitial water in winter There is no significant correlation. The main factors are the content of Chl a in the surface sediments and the concentration of DIN in the interstitial water. The exchange of NO_3-N in the sediment sea interface is controlled by the assimilation and diffusion of the benthic algae. The exchange rate of.NO_2-N and NH_4-N is only positively correlated with the Chl a in the surface sediments, and the Chl A and clay content in the surface sediments. And D50 is the main environmental factor affecting the NH_4-N exchange. The exchange of the underlying NH_4-N may be mainly controlled by the degradation and desorption of the endogenous marine endogenous organic matter and adsorption desorption process. As in the summer, the response of the Jiaozhou Bay sediment sea interface NO_2-N exchange and the interface NH_4-N exchange to the environmental factor changes in winter is more consistent, so NO_2-N The exchange rate of the exchange may be regulated by nitrification. The exchange rate of.PO_4-P is only related to the surface TOC. The main factors are Chl a, TOC, water content, PO_4-P concentration at the bottom and PO_4-P concentration in the interstitial water, the adsorption and desorption of organic matter to PO_4-P, and the assimilation and diffusion of benthic organisms may be the regulation of the low level PO_4-P intersection in winter. The exchange of.SiO_3-Si is related to the concentration of SiO_3-Si in the interstitial water and the BSi content in the surface sediments. The main factors are the Chl a content in the surface sediments and the SiO_3-Si concentration in the interstitial water, which are mainly controlled by the assimilation of the benthic algae and the process of dissolution and diffusion.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P734;P736.4

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4 李攻;青島要把膠州灣變城區(qū)“內(nèi)湖”[N];第一財經(jīng)日報;2008年

5 本報記者 霍峰;環(huán)膠州灣高速公路(市區(qū)段)拓寬改造[N];青島日報;2008年

6 記者 代桂云;讓膠州灣承擔起百年發(fā)展重任[N];人民政協(xié)報;2009年

7 崔峰　商晨 王曉昆 孫倩;蛟龍躍上膠州灣[N];人民日報;2011年

8 記者 馬之恒;膠州灣跨海大橋如何建成的[N];北京科技報;2011年

9 駐魯記者 柏彥雯　通訊員 賈國富;世界最長跨海大橋膠州灣大橋通過驗收[N];中國水運報;2011年

10 本報記者 周建亮;膠州灣大橋免費通行[N];青島日報;2012年

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