【摘要】：在福安市溪尾鎮(zhèn)溪邳村生態(tài)修復示范區(qū)內(nèi)1#泥蚶試驗區(qū)和2#嚑蟶試驗區(qū)，底播不同密度雙齒圍沙蠶（在1#與2#內(nèi)各劃分出6小塊地，分別記作A、B、C、D、E、F。A地為空白對照組，不播撒雙齒圍沙蠶。實驗組沙蠶的密度逐漸遞減， B、C、D、E、F密度比為1：1/2：1/3：1/4：1/5）修復試驗區(qū)灘涂。運用單因子污染指數(shù)法、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法和潛在生態(tài)風險指數(shù)法對福安海域進行生態(tài)風險綜合評價。通過對試驗區(qū)內(nèi)理化指標（總氮、總磷、有機碳、硫化物、氧化還原電位）以及線蟲豐度、線蟲與橈足的豐度之比以及底上刮食者的線蟲數(shù)量與橈足類的數(shù)量之比，線蟲的群落組成等生物指標的監(jiān)測來評估在底播不同密度的沙蠶修復灘涂生境的效果。本研究果如下： 1、福安海域沉積物重金屬污染及潛在生態(tài)風險綜合評價 該海域沉積物中重金屬Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr的平均含量分別為：0.115mg/kg、8.25mg/kg、12.38mg/kg、54.7mg/kg、0.118mg/kg、58.4mg/kg。除重金屬As外，其他重金屬之間均存在顯著相關性（P0.05），重金屬單因子指數(shù)依次為Cd（0.237）Cu（0.413）As（0.550）Hg（0.577）Cr（0.973）Pb（2.187），Hg、As、Cu、Cd、Cr的含量達到了低污染水平，Pb含量達到了中度污染水平。重金屬內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)平均值為1.653，屬中污染水平。生態(tài)風險指數(shù)（RI）為50.62，屬于低潛在生態(tài)風險范疇。 2、不同密度沙蠶對灘涂理化因子的影響 （1）兩塊實驗地中實驗組與各自的對照組總氮含量差異均不顯著（P0.05），與對照組1#A相比，實驗組1#B、1#C、1#D、1#E、1#F總氮含量分別降低了19.17%、16.43%、13.69%、26.70%、21.91%，1#E總氮含量的下降幅度最大。與對照組2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#E、2#F總氮含量分別增加了35.71%、43.45%、26.19%、20.23%、32.14%，2#E塊地中總氮含量的積累量最少；（2）兩塊實驗地中各組與各自的對照組總磷含量差異均不顯著（P0.05），與對照組1#A相比，實驗組1#B、1#C、1#D、1#E、1#F總磷含量分別降低了6.61%、5.44%、5.63%、2.33%、7.19%，1#F總磷含量的下降幅度最大。與對照組2#A相比，2#B、2#C總磷含量分別增加了3.40%、0.68%，2#D、2#E、2#F總磷含量分別減少了4.53%、0.45%、4.99%，2#F塊地中總磷含量的下降幅度最大；（3）有機碳含量在1#中實驗組與對照組之間存在顯著性差異（P0.05），與對照組1#A相比，1#B、1#C有機碳含量分別增加了2.86%、3.40%，1#D、1#E、1#F有機碳含量分別下降了2.14%、7.87%、10.55%，1#F塊地有機碳含量的下降幅度最大。2#中實驗組與對照組有機碳含量差異不顯著（P0.05），與對照組2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#F有機碳含量分別增加了4.24%、1.94%、0.18%、2.12%，2#E有機碳含量下降了1.77%；（4）兩塊實驗地中各組與各自的對照組硫化物含量差異均不顯著（P0.05），與對照組1#A相比，1#E硫化物含量增加了0.84%，1#B、1#C、1#D、1#F硫化物含量分別下降了8.80%、6.20%、5.63%、3.79%，，1#B塊地硫化物含量的下降幅度最大。與對照組2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#E硫化物含量分別增加了9.25%、0.14%、45.70%、12.23%，2#F硫化物含量下降了11.92%；（5）兩塊實驗地中各組與各自的對照組氧化還原電位差異均不顯著（P0.05），與對照組1#A氧化還原電位相比，1#C氧化還原電位增加了2.70%，1#B、1#D、1#E、1#F氧化還原電位分別下降了26.18%、13.59%、1.74%、10.84%，1#B塊地氧化還原電位下降幅度最大；與對照組2#A氧化還原電位相比，2#B、2#C氧化還原電位分別上升了1.84%、0.83%，2#D、2#E、2#F氧化還原電位分別下降了1.86%、2.29%、1.66%，2#E塊地氧化還原電位下降幅度最大； 3、不同密度沙蠶對線蟲數(shù)量的影響 1#試驗區(qū)各組間線蟲豐度不存在顯著性的差異，2#中實驗組2#D的線蟲豐度與對照組2#A相比有顯著的增加（P0.05），其余各實驗組與對照組2#A均不存在顯著性差異（P0.05）；就線蟲橈足比而言，1#中實驗組1#E線蟲橈足比比值低于50，且與對照組1#A存在顯著性差異（P0.05），其余各實驗組與對照組1#A均不存在顯著性差異（P0.05）。2#中各實驗組與對照組2#A均不存在顯著性的差異；就底上刮食者線蟲的豐度與橈足豐度的比值而言，1#、2#各實驗組與各自對照組間的差異均不顯著（P0.05）。 4、不同密度沙蠶對線蟲群落結構的影響 （1）1#試驗區(qū)共出現(xiàn)29屬，優(yōu)勢屬依次為：Terschellingia，Sabatieria，Daptonema，Parodontophora，Theristus，分別占24.38%，18.23%，17.08%，10.56%，8.93%，共占79.18%。1#中，實驗組1#D（Sabatieria）、1#E（Daptonema）與對照組1#A（Terschellingia）的最優(yōu)勢線蟲屬不一致。2#中共出現(xiàn)線蟲20屬，優(yōu)勢屬依次為Parodontophora，Daptonema，Terschellingia，Sabatieria，Theristus，分別占26.93%，21.09%，18.81%，18.61%，5.54%，共占90.98%。2#各實驗組中2#D（Sabatiera與Terschellingia）、2#E（Terschellingia）、2#F（Daptonema）的最優(yōu)屬與對照組2#A（Parodontophora）不一致；（2）就1#線蟲的食性類型而言，整體趨勢是1B＞2B＞1A＞2A，1#C組是以1A型的線蟲為主，而其它組的線蟲均以1B型的線蟲為主。10月份的2#中線蟲的食性類型的趨勢為1B＞2B＞1A＞2A，實驗組與對照組間的最優(yōu)勢的食性類型一致，均為1B型，只是優(yōu)勢度存在差別；（3）1#除了1#C組以外，其余各組的多樣性指數(shù)H’與1#A對照組相比，均有不同程度的增加，其中1#D、1#E組的多樣性指數(shù)較高。10月份的2#E組的多樣性指數(shù)值高于2#A組，其余各實驗組與2#A組相比H’均有所下降。
[Abstract]:In the experimental area of 1# clay clam in Xi PI village ecological restoration demonstration area of Xi Wei Town of Fu'an city and the experimental area of 2# razor clam, different density of double tooth peri mori (in 1# and 2#) were divided into 6 small plots, which were recorded as A, B, C, D, E, F.A in the blank control group. 2:1/3:1/4:1/5) remediation test area beach. Using the single factor pollution index method, the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and the potential ecological risk index method for comprehensive evaluation of ecological risk in Fu'an sea area. Through the physical and chemical indexes (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, sulfide, redox potential) and nematode abundance, nematode and radius in the experimental area The ratio of the abundance of the foot and the ratio of the number of nematodes to the copepods at the bottom, and the composition of the nematode community to assess the effects of the restoration of the beach habitats with different densities of the sowing in the bottom. The results of this study are as follows:
1, heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk assessment of sediments in Fu'an sea area.
The average content of heavy metals Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr in the sediments of this sea area are 0.115mg/kg, 8.25mg/kg, 12.38mg/kg, 54.7mg/kg, 0.118mg/kg, and there are significant correlations among the heavy metals except for 58.4mg/kg., and the single factor index of heavy metals is (0.237) (0.413) (0.550) (0.577) (0.973). The content of As, Cu, Cd, Cr reached the level of low pollution, and the content of Pb reached a moderate level of pollution. The average value of the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal Nemero was 1.653, and the ecological risk index (RI) was 50.62, which belonged to the category of low potential ecological risk.
2, the influence of different density sand worm on the physical and chemical factors of the beach
(1) the total nitrogen content of the two experimental group and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the total nitrogen content of the experimental group 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, 1#E, 1#F decreased by 19.17%, 16.43%, 13.69%, 26.70%, 21.91%, and the total nitrogen content of 1#E was the largest. Compared with the control group 2#A, 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, and total nitrogen content respectively The accumulation of total nitrogen in the 35.71%, 43.45%, 26.19%, 20.23%, 32.14%, 2#E blocks was added to the least. (2) the total phosphorus content in the two experimental plots and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the total phosphorus content of the experimental group 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, 1#E, and 1#F decreased by 6.61%, 5.44%, 5.63%, 2.33%, 7.19%, and 1#F total phosphorus content, respectively. The total phosphorus content of 2#B and 2#C increased by 3.40%, 0.68%, 2#D, 2#E, and 2#F total phosphorus content decreased by 4.53%, 0.45%, 4.99%, respectively, compared with the control group 2#A, and (3) there was a significant difference between the organic carbon content in 1# and the control group (P0.05), 1 compared with the control group 1#A, 1. #B, 1#C organic carbon content increased by 2.86%, 3.40%, 1#D, 1#E, and 1#F organic carbon content decreased by 2.14%, 7.87%, 10.55%, 1#F block organic carbon content decreased the maximum.2# in the experimental group and the control group, the organic carbon content difference was not significant (P0.05), compared with the control group 2#A, 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, organic carbon content increased 4.24%, 1.94%, 0. respectively. The content of organic carbon in 18%, 2.12%, 2#E decreased by 1.77%. (4) the sulphide content in each group and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the content of 1#E sulfide increased by 0.84%, and the content of 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, and 1#F sulfide decreased by 8.80%, 6.20%, 5.63%, 3.79%, and 1#B block sulphide content, respectively. Compared with the control group 2#A, the content of 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, 2#E sulfide increased by 9.25%, 0.14%, 45.70%, 12.23%, and 2#F sulfur content decreased by 11.92%, and (5) the difference of redox potential of each group and the control group was not significant (P0.05), and the 1#C redox potential was increased by 2 compared with the control group 1#A redox potential. The oxidation-reduction potential of.70%, 1#B, 1#D, 1#E, 1#F decreased by 26.18%, 13.59%, 1.74%, 10.84%, 1#B, and the decrease of redox potential was the largest. Compared with the 2#A redox potential of the control group, 2#B and 2#C redox potential increased by 1.84%, 0.83%, 2#D, 2#E, and the 2#F oxidation reduction potential decreased by 1.86%, 2.29%, 1.66%, respectively. The reduction potential of reducing potential was the largest.
3, the influence of different density sand worm on the number of nematodes
There was no significant difference in the abundance of nematodes between each group in the 1# test area. The nematode abundance of 2#D in the experimental group of 2# was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other experimental groups and the control group (P0.05). The ratio of the copepod ratio of the 1#E nematode in the experimental group of the nematode was less than 50, and the ratio of the control group was to the control group 1#A. The ratio of the ratio of the nematode copepod in the experimental group of the nematode was lower than that of the control group, and the ratio of the control group was to the control group 1#A. There was significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the rest of the experimental group and the control group 1#A (P0.05) there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group 2#A in the.2#. The difference between the abundance of the curettage and the abundance of the copepods was not significant (P0.05) between the 1#, 2# and the control groups.
4, the influence of different density sand worm on the structure of nematode community
(1) there are 29 genera in the 1# test area. The dominant genera are: Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Parodontophora, Theristus, accounting for 24.38%, 18.23%, 17.08%, 10.56%, 8.93%, respectively. The experimental group 1#D (Sabatieria), 1#E (Daptonema) and the control group of the most dominant nematodes belong to the 20 genus of nematodes. The dominant genera were Parodontophora, Daptonema, Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Theristus, which accounted for 26.93%, 21.09%, 18.81%, 18.61%, 5.54% respectively, which accounted for 2#D (Sabatiera and Terschellingia), 2#E (Terschellingia), and 2#F (2) was the food of the nematode. The overall trend is 1B > 2B > 1A > 2A, and 1#C group is dominated by 1A type nematodes, while the other groups of nematodes in the other groups are 1B > 2B > 1A. The most dominant food types between the experimental and control groups are the same as those of the control group, but the dominance degree is the same. (3) In addition to the 1#C group, the diversity index H 'of the other groups increased in varying degrees compared with the 1#A control group, in which the diversity index of the 1#E group was higher in the 2#E group of the.10 month higher than that of the 2#A group, and the other experimental groups had lower H' than the 2#A group.
【學位授予單位】：集美大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X174;X55

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 蔡清海;杜琦;錢小明;;福建三沙灣海洋沉積物中重金屬和微量元素的研究[J];沉積學報;2007年03期

2 周一兵;青堆子蝦池中日本刺沙蠶的生物量和數(shù)量變動[J];大連水產(chǎn)學院學報;1994年Z1期

3 李軍;張原;龔香宜;姚慧麗;王向琴;李杰;祁士華;;福建省興化灣表層沉積物中重金屬污染與評價[J];環(huán)境科學與技術;2008年01期

4 陳火榮;;羅源灣表層沉積物重金屬分布及其潛在風險評價[J];福建水產(chǎn);2011年01期

5 林祥;;福清灣表層沉積物重金屬分布及生態(tài)風險評價[J];福建水產(chǎn);2012年03期

6 吳方同;閆艷紅;孫士權;譚萬春;;水絲蚓生物擾動對沉積物磷釋放的影響[J];環(huán)境工程學報;2011年05期

7 ;Freeliving marine nematodes as a pollution indicator of the Bohai Sea[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2002年04期

8 郭偉;趙仁鑫;張君;包玉英;王宏;楊明;孫小麗;金帆;;內(nèi)蒙古包頭鐵礦區(qū)土壤重金屬污染特征及其評價[J];環(huán)境科學;2011年10期

9 劉偉成;單樂州;謝起浪;林少珍;;生物監(jiān)測在水環(huán)境污染監(jiān)測中的應用[J];環(huán)境與健康雜志;2008年05期

10 黨宏月,黃勃,張志南;青島灣有機質(zhì)污染潮間帶底棲生物研究 Ⅱ.小型底棲動物生態(tài)特點[J];海洋科學集刊;1996年00期

本文編號：2144179