【摘要】：第四紀(jì)海平面變化，對全球海陸格局的變化起到了尤為重要的決定性作用。海洋沉積物沉積特征、沉積過程的分析，是揭示沉積物物質(zhì)來源、沉積環(huán)境變化、海陸變遷、以及氣候更替的重要手段和依據(jù)。研究區(qū)域位于青島市齋堂島南部海域，屬于我國南黃海西北部淺海大陸架沉積區(qū)。本文以取自齋堂島南部海域的ZT1孔、ZT2孔柱狀樣沉積物樣品作為分析對象，采用粒度分析，礦物分析（重礦物分析、粘土礦物分析、粘土級碎屑礦物分析），淺地層剖面解譯分析的研究方法，通過對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)底質(zhì)柱狀沉積物樣品、高分辨率淺地層剖面等資料數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，系統(tǒng)分析了研究區(qū)域沉積物的沉積特征與物質(zhì)來源。 根據(jù)粒度成分特征和巖性特征，將兩鉆孔上下分為兩層：第一層沉積物類型為：粘土質(zhì)粉砂和含礫粉砂質(zhì)砂，含貝殼碎屑和礫石；第二層沉積物類型為：含礫砂，含大量礫石。研究樣品沉積物分選差或極差，為近源搬運(yùn)的坡、洪積物、甚至是原地風(fēng)化堆積的等陸源沉積物，只有第一層受到現(xiàn)代海洋沉積作用的影響，原始陸源殘留沉積，并混雜有部分海相沉積因子；第二層不曾接受現(xiàn)代海洋沉積作用的擾動，沉積環(huán)境單一，為原始陸源殘留沉積物。 沉積物極細(xì)砂粒級中的重礦物主要有：不穩(wěn)定礦物角閃石、綠簾石；片狀礦物；穩(wěn)定礦物鋯石、石榴石、磷灰石、電氣石、金紅石；金屬礦物鈦鐵礦；自生礦物海綠石；沉積物的粘土礦物的組合類型為：伊利石-高嶺石-綠泥石-蒙皂石。伊利石含量異常高；而蒙皂石含量異常低；沉積物粘土級碎屑礦物包括粘土礦物、石英、長石、方解石、白云巖。研究樣品為陸源沉積物，形成于寒冷干燥的沉積環(huán)境。第二層的各礦物含量變化趨勢相比第一層較穩(wěn)定，反映了第一層的更為復(fù)雜的沉積環(huán)境。 通過淺地層剖面分析可知，研究區(qū)內(nèi)海底基巖埋深淺，淺地層結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，現(xiàn)代海洋沉積物作用影響弱，基巖面以上部為松散沉積物，且沉積層較薄，可劃分為上層沉積物層和下層基巖層，根據(jù)反射界面特征可將上層沉積物層可分為兩層，佐證了根據(jù)粒度和巖性特征對沉積物的分層結(jié)論的正確性。其中第一層由于外動力作用的影響，在研究區(qū)域局部區(qū)域存在損耗和缺失現(xiàn)象。 研究結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)域內(nèi)沉積物屬粗粒級沉積物，分選差或極差，，具有明顯的陸源沉積物特征，沉積物為近源搬運(yùn)沉積或原地風(fēng)化沉積而成，受強(qiáng)水動力影響；而后期受海洋改造影響較弱，與其所處的現(xiàn)代海洋沉積環(huán)境的動力條件不平衡，因此，推測可能是由于海平面下降陸架裸露成陸風(fēng)化沉積而成，而后又經(jīng)歷快速海浸活動殘留下來的原始沉積物，即為殘留沉積物。
[Abstract]:Quaternary sea level change played a decisive role in the change of global sea-land pattern. The analysis of the sedimentary characteristics and processes of marine sediments is an important means and basis for revealing the source of sediment, the changes of sedimentary environment, the changes of sea and land, and the change of climate. The study area is located in the southern sea area of Maitang Island, Qingdao, which belongs to the shallow continental shelf sedimentary area in the northwest of Huang Hai. In this paper, the columnar sediment samples from the ZT1 hole ZT2 hole in the southern sea area of Jaitang Island were used as the analytical objects. Particle size analysis, mineral analysis (heavy mineral analysis, clay mineral analysis) were used. Clay grade clastic mineral analysis), shallow stratigraphic profile interpretation and analysis method, through the study of the sediment column sediment samples, high-resolution shallow stratigraphic profile and other data statistical analysis, The sedimentary characteristics and material sources of sediments in the study area are systematically analyzed. According to the characteristics of granularity composition and lithology, the two boreholes are divided into two layers: the first layer is clayey silty sand and gravel silty sand, which contains shell clastic and gravel, and the second layer is gravel-bearing sand with a large amount of gravel. The study shows that the separation of sample sediments is poor or extremely poor, that is, near source transport slopes, alluvial sediments, and even terrestrial sediments with in situ weathering and accumulation. Only the first layer is affected by modern marine sedimentation, and the original continental residual sediments are formed. The second layer is not disturbed by modern marine sedimentation, and the sedimentary environment is single, which is a primitive continental residual sediment. The heavy minerals in the very fine sand grains are: unstable hornblende, verdant; flake mineral; stable mineral zircon, garnet, apatite, tourmaline, rutile; metallite ilmenite; authigenic mineral sea turquoise; The composition types of clay minerals in sediments are Illite-kaolinite-chlorite-montmorillonite. The content of Illite is abnormally high, while the content of montmorillonite is abnormally low. The clastic minerals of clay grade in sediments include clay minerals, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. The studied samples are terrestrial sediments formed in cold and dry sedimentary environments. The change trend of mineral content in the second layer is more stable than that in the first layer, which reflects the more complex sedimentary environment of the first layer. Through the analysis of shallow strata profile, it can be seen that the undersea bedrock in the study area is deep and shallow, the structure of shallow stratum is simple, the influence of modern marine sediment is weak, the upper part of the bedrock is loose sediment, and the sediment layer is thin. It can be divided into upper sediment layer and lower bedrock layer. According to the characteristics of reflection interface, the upper sediment layer can be divided into two layers, which proves the correctness of the conclusion of stratification based on granularity and lithology. The first layer has the phenomenon of loss and absence in the local area due to the influence of external dynamic action. The results show that the sediments in the study area belong to coarse grained sediments with poor or very poor sorting and have obvious characteristics of continental sediments. The sediments are formed by near-source transport or in situ weathering and are influenced by strong hydrodynamic forces. However, in the later stage, the influence of ocean transformation is weak, and the dynamic condition of the modern marine sedimentary environment is not balanced. Therefore, it is assumed that it may be caused by the exposed continental weathering deposition of the sea level drop shelf. Then the primary sediment, which was left behind by rapid sea leaching, was called residual sediment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P736.21

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本文編號：2139963