本文選題：δ~(18)O + 大氣降水�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前全球氣候與環(huán)境變化及其應(yīng)對措施已經(jīng)逐漸變?yōu)槿虿毮康闹卮笊鐣䥺栴},聯(lián)合國政府間的氣候變化專委會第五次評價(IPCC-AR5)第一工作組報告指出,全球氣候系統(tǒng)變暖已經(jīng)毋庸置疑,在北半球地區(qū)的過去1400年中,最近30年的氣溫可能達(dá)到最暖。在氣候變暖影響下,大氣環(huán)流背景正出現(xiàn)一系列耦合性變化,同時體現(xiàn)在氣候系統(tǒng)的變化還有:溫室氣體排放增多、溫度升高、積雪融化、海平面上升、全球水體循環(huán)變化、極端氣候事件和極端冷暖事件增多等方面,均已深刻危及人類生存和發(fā)展。厄爾尼諾-南方濤動現(xiàn)象(ENSO)是影響赤道地區(qū)氣候環(huán)境年際變化的主導(dǎo)因素,并且對全球氣候及環(huán)境變化具有重要的影響。作為記錄和重建古氣候變化的重要示蹤信息——穩(wěn)定同位素信息,具有攜帶信息體種類豐富、受噪音干擾小、對氣候和環(huán)境變化響應(yīng)敏感等特點而受到眾多學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。通過不同尺度現(xiàn)代大氣降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)的持續(xù)監(jiān)測,解譯區(qū)域降水同位素變化特征,追蹤水汽來源及響應(yīng)大尺度環(huán)流變化,可以完善全球及區(qū)域尺度大氣降水穩(wěn)定同位素信息庫。更好地為全球氣候環(huán)境變化背景下,人類生存與社會發(fā)展過程中如何應(yīng)對極端氣候事件的影響提供科學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)和決策依據(jù),為水文學(xué)和古氣候?qū)W領(lǐng)域研究和發(fā)展奠定了實踐基礎(chǔ)。本研究以重慶市西南大學(xué)為監(jiān)測點,以降水中穩(wěn)定氫氧同位素為主要監(jiān)測對象,對研究區(qū)大氣場降水進(jìn)行了15個月(2015年4月~2016年9月)的現(xiàn)代指標(biāo)連續(xù)監(jiān)測,并于實驗室分析測試大氣降水中穩(wěn)定氫氧同位素信息數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合中國氣象臺(China Meteorological Observatory)北碚氣象站相關(guān)氣象數(shù)據(jù)和美國國家海洋和大氣管理局NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration)提供的NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)逐日全球再分析數(shù)據(jù)資料,分析了氧同位素季節(jié)變化特征和環(huán)境效應(yīng)及大尺度大氣環(huán)流特征,并對重慶地區(qū)場降水中氫氧同位素響應(yīng)ENSO事件的機制進(jìn)行了初步論證和探討。結(jié)合現(xiàn)代大氣場降水監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),探討研究區(qū)大氣場降水中δ~(18)O變化特征響應(yīng)大氣環(huán)流的氣候意義。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),重慶降水中δ~(18)O值的變化范圍是-13.11‰~1.81‰,δD值變化范圍是-96.31‰~28.70‰,δ~(18)O、δD、d-excess值季節(jié)性變化顯著,夏低冬高。研究時段,重慶地區(qū)大氣降水線方程為δD=8.25δ~(18)O+12.23,(R2=0.98,n=129),斜率和截距與全球大氣降水線差別不大。根據(jù)夏季風(fēng)活動將降水樣品細(xì)分為夏半年組和冬半年組,得出夏半年δ~(18)O-δD的線性方程為:δD=8.28δ~(18)O+12.15,(R2=0.98,n=99)和冬半年δ~(18)O-δD的相關(guān)關(guān)系:δD=7.28δ~(18)O+10.05,(R2=0.90,n=30),探討季節(jié)尺度下水汽來源差異對斜率和截距的影響。又依據(jù)降水量(P)的大小將樣品細(xì)分4組后分別分析線性回歸方程,得到的斜率和截距基本上隨著降水量的增加而升高,斜率從7.99(P≤5)增至8.65(10P≤25),相應(yīng)的截距從10.57升至16.16,可能主要是由于降水量多與少導(dǎo)致的云下二次蒸發(fā)程度不同,從而引起的同位素不平衡分餾差異。通過降水中穩(wěn)定同位素與研究區(qū)氣象要素線性相關(guān)關(guān)系分析,全年降水中δ~(18)O與降水量呈現(xiàn)出微弱的反相關(guān)關(guān)系:δ~(18)O=-0.06P-4.19,(R2=0.12,n=129,P0.001);δ~(18)O與溫度相關(guān)性較弱并且為負(fù)相關(guān):δ~(18)O=-0.28T+1.12,(R2=0.08,n=129,P0.001),季節(jié)尺度分別回歸得到夏半年和冬半年降水量效應(yīng)和溫度效應(yīng)也不十分顯著,可能是大氣環(huán)流運動在某種程度上掩蓋了季風(fēng)區(qū)的溫度和降水量效應(yīng)。通過計算水汽通量和水汽通量散度模擬矢量水汽輸送場,分析大尺度環(huán)流模式中ENSO事件聯(lián)系下,熱帶輻合帶ITCZ對夏半年降水中δ~(18)O變化的可能影響,根據(jù)研究區(qū)2015年和2016年夏半年大氣降水中δ~(18)O的相似變化特征,可把夏半年分為五個階段分析,第一階段:五月和六月初,δ~(18)O維持較高值;第二階段:δ~(18)O值開始逐漸下降,一般在六月中旬;第三階段:δ~(18)O值是夏半年的最低值,并且持續(xù)偏低;第四階段:自八月末開始,δ~(18)O值開始呈攀高趨勢,出現(xiàn)第二次峰值;第五階段,δ~(18)O值開始下降,并呈波動偏低狀態(tài)。分析發(fā)現(xiàn),對比水汽矢量輸送場及降水中δ~(18)O值特征性的變化,與ITCZ對流活動的位置在南海和低緯度西太平洋、孟加拉灣等地變化以及強度變化密切相關(guān)。運用逐月風(fēng)場資料模擬矢量風(fēng)場,結(jié)合HYSPLIT軌跡模型,結(jié)果表明,夏半年水汽來源是低緯度的阿拉伯海、孟加拉灣和南海,使得夏季降水中穩(wěn)定同位素值偏低;冬半年水汽來源是蒙古-西伯利亞高原以及局地水分循環(huán),降水中δ~(18)O呈現(xiàn)高值。研究區(qū)降水中δ~(18)O變化顯著響應(yīng)于2015/2016ENSO時期,2015年El Ni?o事件夏半年降水中δ~(18)O降水加權(quán)平均值為-7.05‰,2016年La Ni?a事件夏半年降水中δ~(18)O為-6.29‰,2015年降水加權(quán)平均值顯著偏負(fù)。根據(jù)夏季風(fēng)影響期間階段對比,第3~5階段為El Ni?o和La Ni?a事件特征顯著時期,2015年和2016年降水中δ~(18)O分別是-9.00‰和-6.88‰。2015年5~9月為El Ni?o盛期,同時,El Ni?o事件影響下2015夏半年的d平均值為13.4‰,顯著高于2014年和2016年同期平均值。結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)在El Ni?o時期及其衰減期,2015年夏半年樣品統(tǒng)計降水量10~(18).8mm,且來自近源的水汽比例高,使得降水同位素值偏負(fù);在La Ni?a時期,2016年夏半年樣品數(shù)據(jù)總降水量646mm,加之來自遠(yuǎn)源的水汽比例高,降水同位素值較高,研究區(qū)大氣降水穩(wěn)定同位素變化特征記錄了此次ENSO事件的轉(zhuǎn)換。
[Abstract]:At present, global climate and environmental changes and their responses have gradually become a major social problem worldwide. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on climate change fifth assessment (IPCC-AR5) first working group report pointed out that global warming has no doubt, in the northern hemisphere in the past 1400, the temperature of the last 30 years Under the influence of climate warming, there is a series of coupling changes in the atmospheric circulation background, as well as the changes in the climate system, as well as the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, the increase of temperature, the melting of the snow, the rise of the sea level, the change of the global water cycle, the increase of extreme climate events and the increase of extreme cold and warm events. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant factor affecting the climate and environment changes in the equatorial region, and has an important influence on the global climate and environmental changes. As an important tracer information for recording and rebuilding the paleoclimate change, the stable isotope information has a rich variety of information. Rich, less noisy and sensitive to climate and environmental changes, many scholars have received extensive attention. Through continuous monitoring of modern atmospheric precipitation data of different scales, the characteristics of precipitation isotopes, tracing water sources and responding to large scale circulation changes, can improve the global and regional atmospheric precipitation. Stable isotopic information base provides a scientific basis and decision basis for how to cope with the influence of extreme climate events in the process of human survival and social development in the context of global climate and environment change, and lays a solid foundation for the research and development of hydrology and paleoclimatology. The research is based on the Southwestern University in Chongqing. Taking the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the precipitation as the main monitoring object, the precipitation of the large gas field in the study area was continuously monitored for 15 months (April 2015 ~2016 September), and the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data in the atmospheric precipitation were analyzed and tested in the laboratory, and the China Meteorological Observatory (China Meteorological Observatory) Beibei was combined in the laboratory. The weather station related meteorological data and the daily global reanalysis data of the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of NOAA (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analyzed the seasonal variations in oxygen isotopes. A preliminary demonstration and discussion of the mechanism of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes responding to ENSO events in the field precipitation in Chongqing area is preliminarily demonstrated and discussed. The climatic significance of the variation of delta ~ (18) O variation in the precipitation of the study area is discussed in the light of the precipitation monitoring data of the modern large gas field. The variation range of the value of delta ~ (18) O in water is -13.11 per 1000 ~1.81 per 1000. The variation range of delta D value is -96.31 per 1000 ~28.70 per 1000, delta ~ (18) O, Delta D, and d-excess seasonal variation is significant, and the summer low winter is high. The atmospheric water line equation in Chongqing area is delta D=8.25 delta ~ (18) O+12.23, (R2), and the slope and intercept are not different from the global water line. The precipitation samples are subdivided into summer half year group and winter half year group, and the linear equation of delta ~ (18) O- Delta D in summer half year is: Delta D=8.28 delta ~ (18) O+12.15, (R2=0.98, n=99) and winter half year ~ (18) O- Delta D: Delta D=7.28 Delta ~ (18) O+10.05, (R2=0.90, n=30), and the influence of the difference of the water vapor source difference on the slope and intercept of the seasonal scale. According to the size of the precipitation (P), the sample is divided into 4 groups to analyze the linear regression equation, and the slope and intercept are basically increased with the increase of precipitation, the slope is increased from 7.99 (P < 5) to 8.65 (10P < 25), and the corresponding intercept from 10.57 to 16.16. It may be mainly due to the two evaporation degrees below the cloud caused by precipitation and less. According to the linear correlation between the stable isotopes in the precipitation and the meteorological elements in the study area, the analysis of the linear correlation between the stable isotopes in the precipitation and the meteorological elements in the study area shows that delta ~ (18) O has a weak inverse correlation with precipitation in the annual precipitation: Delta ~ (18) O=-0.06P-4.19, (R2=0.12, n=129, P0.001); delta ~ (18) O and temperature correlation are weak and negative correlation: Delta ~ (18) ) O=-0.28T+1.12, (R2=0.08, n=129, P0.001), the precipitation effect and temperature effect of summer half and winter half of the seasonal scale are not very significant. It is possible that the atmospheric circulation movement can cover up the temperature and precipitation effect in the monsoon region to some extent. Field, the possible influence of the tropical convergence zone ITCZ on the change of delta ~ (18) O in summer half year precipitation in the large scale circulation model is analyzed. According to the similar change characteristics of delta ~ (18) O in the atmospheric precipitation in the summer half year of 2015 and 2016 in the study area, the summer half year can be divided into five stages analysis, the first stage is that the delta ~ (18) O is maintained in May and early June. High value; the second stage: Delta ~ (18) O value begins to decline gradually, usually in mid June; the third stage: the value of delta ~ (18) O is the lowest in summer half year, and continues to be low; from the end of eight, the value of delta ~ (18) O begins to climb, appear second peak value; the fifth stage, delta ~ (18) O value begins to decline, and is on the low state. Analysis hair. At present, the characteristics of the delta ~ (18) O value of the water vapor vector transport field and the precipitation are closely related to the change of the ITCZ convective activity in the South China Sea and the Western Pacific, the West Pacific, the bay of Bengal and the intensity change. The vector wind field is simulated by the monthly wind field data and the HYSPLIT trajectory model is combined. The results show that the water vapor source in the summer half year is low. The Arabia sea, the bay of Bengal and the South China Sea in the latitudes make the stable isotopic values in summer precipitation low; the water vapor source is Mongolia Siberia plateau and the local water cycle in winter half year, and the precipitation of delta ~ (18) O presents high value. The change of delta ~ (18) O in precipitation in the study area is significantly responsive to the 2015/2016ENSO period, and in the summer half year precipitation of the El Ni o event in 2015. The weighted mean value of precipitation in delta ~ (18) O is -7.05 per 1000, and in the summer half year of the 2016 La Ni? A event, the delta ~ (18) O is -6.29 per 1000, and the weighted average of the precipitation in 2015 is significantly negative. According to the phase comparison of the summer monsoon period, the 3~5 stage is a significant period of El Ni? O and La 2016 events. In 2015 and 2016, delta ~ (18) is respectively per thousand and per thousand. The 5~9 month of.2015 is El Ni? O, and the D average value of the El Ni o event is 13.4 per thousand, which is significantly higher than that of 2014 and 2016. The result shows that the study area is in El Ni? O period and its attenuation period, the statistical precipitation of the samples in the summer half of 2015 (18), and the high ratio of water vapor from the near source, makes the precipitation isotopes In the period of La Ni? A, the total precipitation of the sample data in the summer half of 2016 was 646mm, and the ratio of water vapor from far source was high and the isotopic value of precipitation was high. The characteristics of stable isotopes of atmospheric precipitation in the study area recorded the transformation of the ENSO event.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P426.612;P732

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