山東省海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)對(duì)策研究
本文選題:山東 + 海洋; 參考:《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:海洋作為地球三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一,蘊(yùn)含豐富的生物資源、礦產(chǎn)能源,是人類賴以生存的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。作為一個(gè)沿海國(guó)家,海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展好壞往往決定了整個(gè)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的高低。為了發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),許多沿海國(guó)家走上了開(kāi)發(fā)海洋、利用海洋、向海洋要資源的發(fā)展道路。作為一個(gè)沿海省,山東始終把發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)放在重要位置。20世紀(jì)90年代初期,山東立足豐富的海洋資源和巨大的開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,提出了“開(kāi)發(fā)半壁江山,建設(shè)海上山東的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想”。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),隨著“藍(lán)”、“黃”兩區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃的實(shí)施,全省范圍內(nèi)掀起了開(kāi)發(fā)海洋的熱潮,海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展。 但是,開(kāi)發(fā)利用海洋勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)海洋環(huán)境造成損害,帶來(lái)許多生態(tài)及環(huán)境問(wèn)題。如山東近岸海域局部污染嚴(yán)重,一類海水水質(zhì)的海域不斷減小,劣四類海水水質(zhì)的海域不斷增加,部分海域海水水質(zhì)已不能滿足環(huán)境功能區(qū)劃的要求;陸源污染未得到有效控制,溢油、赤潮等海洋災(zāi)害頻發(fā);圍海造地肆意進(jìn)行,一些重要灣口和灘涂破壞嚴(yán)重,部分重要海域失去了原有的自然屬性;部分內(nèi)灣漁場(chǎng)基本荒廢,一些主要經(jīng)濟(jì)魚(yú)蝦類產(chǎn)卵場(chǎng)和育幼場(chǎng)遭到嚴(yán)重破壞;一些溯河性魚(yú)蝦資源遭到破壞,產(chǎn)量大幅度下降;萊州灣河口地區(qū)原盛產(chǎn)的銀魚(yú)和河蟹已基本絕跡,毛蚶資源已接近枯竭,等。 這些問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重制約了“海上山東”和“生態(tài)山東”的建設(shè)步伐。山東省作為一個(gè)海洋大省,對(duì)海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)提出了迫切要求。本文從闡述環(huán)境正義論、環(huán)境契約論、生態(tài)文明論等海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)理論基礎(chǔ)入手,系統(tǒng)介紹了山東省海洋環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀和20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)山東省海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)工作基本情況,深入分析了山東省海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)工作存在的問(wèn)題及產(chǎn)生的原因,并通過(guò)研究國(guó)外一些國(guó)家在海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)工作上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法,探索適合山東海域特點(diǎn)的海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)舉措。最后,從加強(qiáng)海洋保護(hù)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè),進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)海灣及河口區(qū)域生態(tài)整治,實(shí)施濱海濕地生態(tài)修復(fù)與保護(hù)工程,理順陸海統(tǒng)籌管理體制,加強(qiáng)海洋工程環(huán)保執(zhí)法監(jiān)管,加強(qiáng)海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)與海洋災(zāi)害應(yīng)急能力建設(shè),加強(qiáng)海洋生物多樣性保護(hù),強(qiáng)化海洋污染源治理,落實(shí)渤海海洋生態(tài)紅線區(qū)控制制度等方面,提出了山東省近岸海域海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)和治理的具體措施,期望對(duì)山東省海洋環(huán)境污染防治提供幫助,為改善海洋環(huán)境質(zhì)量,優(yōu)化海洋資源配置,提升海洋生態(tài)文明,促進(jìn)山東省海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)朝著健康、和諧和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的正確方向發(fā)展提供措施保障。
[Abstract]:As one of the three great ecosystems of the Earth , the ocean contains rich biological resources , mineral energy and an important material basis for the survival of mankind . As a coastal State , many coastal countries have set up the development path of the whole social and economic development . In order to develop the economy , many coastal countries have embarked on the development of the oceans and seas and the marine resources . As a coastal province , Shandong has always put the development of the ocean economy into an important position . In the early 1990s , Shandong has put forward the strategic vision of developing the marine economy .
However , the exploitation and utilization of the marine environment will cause damage to the marine environment and bring many ecological and environmental problems . As the local pollution in the coastal waters of Shandong is serious , the sea area of a kind of sea water is continuously decreasing and the sea area of the four kinds of sea water is continuously increased , and the sea water quality in some sea areas has not met the requirements of the environmental function zoning ;
The land source pollution has not been effectively controlled , and the frequent occurrence of marine disasters such as oil spill and red tide ;
In some important sea areas , some important sea areas have lost their original natural attributes .
Some major economic fish and shrimp spawning grounds and nursery fields have been severely damaged .
Some retroriver fish and shrimp resources were destroyed and the yield was greatly reduced .
The raw silver carp and river crab in the river mouth area of Laizhou Bay are basically extinct , the resources of the harca subcrenata are nearly exhausted , and so on .
On the basis of marine environment protection theories , such as environmental justice theory , environmental contract theory and ecological civilization theory , this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes of marine environmental protection in Shandong province .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:X321;X55
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