本文選題：普里茲灣 + 冰間湖　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文利用德國不萊梅大學(xué)發(fā)布的2008-2011逐日海冰密集度數(shù)據(jù)與美國冰雪中心提供的2012年逐日海冰密集度數(shù)據(jù),研究了南極普里茲灣初冬季冰間湖時空分布與變化規(guī)律,并結(jié)合再分析的風(fēng)場資料,探討了冰間湖的產(chǎn)生及影響因素;利用南極普里茲灣象海豹攜帶的CTD標(biāo)記觀測獲得的2011-2012年初冬埃默里冰架前緣冰間湖海域溫鹽剖面,研究了海水結(jié)構(gòu)演變及其與冰間湖發(fā)生和海冰形成的聯(lián)系,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:一、普里茲灣冬季冰間湖的形態(tài)特征和空間變化。從2008-2012年普里茲灣冬季每個月都會出現(xiàn)冰間湖,位置主要集中于埃默里冰架前緣海域(麥肯齊灣)與冰架東側(cè)區(qū)域,以及達(dá)恩利角北部海域。埃默里冰架前緣冰間湖整體沿著冰架前緣方向呈帶狀分布,冰間湖西部與大陸相連,東部則沿著冰架前緣向東延伸,最北處可以達(dá)到68°S以北,在冰架西部前緣存在的時間長于東部前緣;埃默里冰架東側(cè)冰間湖所在的位置靠近大陸邊緣冰架,東西范圍不超過1個經(jīng)度,南北范圍不超過1個緯度;達(dá)恩利角冰間湖的空間形狀不固定,最大范圍向南與大陸接壤,向北可以達(dá)到66.5°S,東部邊緣可以達(dá)到71.5°E,西部則可以延伸到68°E。二、普里茲灣冬季冰間湖面積隨時間變化及其影響因素。2008-2012年,冬季冷卻和結(jié)冰作用,每年自3月下旬普里茲海域開始出現(xiàn)海冰,并逐步擴(kuò)展,冰間湖出現(xiàn)在近岸區(qū)域;4月以后,該海域海冰進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,一方面形成沿岸固定冰,這是的冰間湖面積隨時間變化逐年差異較大。5-8月,該海域冰間湖的面積也有較大的年際變化,但是總面積月度變化幅度減少。該海域出現(xiàn)冰間湖累計(jì)平均面積為1.32×106km2,其中冰間湖面積達(dá)到最大值主要在4月初。離岸風(fēng)風(fēng)速與冰間湖面積具有良好的相關(guān)關(guān)系,當(dāng)離岸風(fēng)增大時,面積增大,風(fēng)速減小時,面積減小;三、普里茲灣海域冬季上層水體特征及結(jié)構(gòu)演化過程�？煞譃槿齻�階段:海水溫度從層化到均勻的階段,次表層海水仍維持暖水特征,隨著表層海水的冷卻,垂直對流混合加強(qiáng),次表層暖水逐漸消失;海水鹽度從層化到上下均勻的階段,海水結(jié)冰析鹽過程使上層海水鹽度增加,垂直對流混合增強(qiáng),上下層鹽度達(dá)到均勻;冷卻結(jié)冰持續(xù)的階段,海水鹽度繼續(xù)增加,海水溫度接近冰點(diǎn)。四、普里茲灣冰間湖區(qū)冬季海洋熱含量變化及海氣交換。通過普里茲灣冰間湖區(qū)海豹CTD標(biāo)記觀測獲得的溫鹽剖面數(shù)據(jù)估算得到2011年水體結(jié)構(gòu)演化的三個階段海洋熱含量變化率分別是-90.93W?m-2、-82.20 W?m-2、-43.44 W?m-2,2012年第3階段的平均熱含量變化率為-47.40 W?m-2;由海水鹽度增加估算的2011年三個階段海冰形成速率分別是5.4 cm?d-1、4.9 cm?d-1、2.5 cm?d-1,而2012年第3階段平均為5.14 cm?d-1;與歐洲氣象中心再分析數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品(ERA-Interim)風(fēng)速、2m氣溫、熱通量資料相關(guān)分析,得到海冰形成速率與離岸風(fēng)風(fēng)速、顯熱通量、潛熱通量呈正相關(guān),與2m氣溫呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the temporal and spatial distribution and variation of interglacial lakes in Prydz Bay, Antarctica, in the early winter of Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are studied using the daily sea ice intensity data published by Bremen University, Germany, and the daily sea ice concentration data provided by the American Ice and Snow Center in 2012. Combined with the reanalyzed wind field data, the generation and influencing factors of the interglacial lake are discussed, and the temperature and salt profile of the interglacial lake in the front edge of the Emory Ice Shelf in the early winter of 2011-2012 is obtained by using CTD markers carried by the elephant seals in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. The evolution of sea water structure and its relationship with the occurrence of interglacial lakes and the formation of sea ice are studied. The main contents are as follows: 1. The morphological characteristics and spatial changes of the interglacial lakes in Prydz Bay in winter. From 2008 to 2012, Interglacial Lake appeared in the Prydz Bay every month in the winter, mainly located in the Mackenzie Bay and the east of the ice shelf, as well as in the northern waters of Cape Darnley. The interglacial lake in the front edge of the Emory ice shelf is distributed in a zonal pattern along the front edge of the ice shelf. The western part of the interglacial lake is connected to the continent, while the eastern part extends eastward along the front edge of the ice shelf, and the northernmost part can reach to the north of 68 擄S. The eastern edge of the Emory ice shelf is located near the continental ice shelf, and the east-west range does not exceed 1 longitude, and the north and south ranges do not exceed 1 latitude, and the eastern edge of the ice shelf is longer than that of the eastern edge of the ice shelf, and the position of the eastern edge of the ice shelf is close to the continental ice shelf. The spatial shape of Cape Darnley's interglacial lake is not fixed. The maximum range of the lake is 66.5 擄S in the north, 71.5 擄E in the eastern edge and 68 擄E in the west. Secondly, the winter interglacial lake area of Prydz Bay changes with time and its influencing factors. From 2008 to 2012, the winter cooling and ice formation began to appear in the Prydz sea area in late March and gradually expanded, and the interglacial lake appeared in the coastal area; after April, The further development of sea ice in this sea area, on the one hand, formed the fixed ice along the coast, which is that the area of the interglacial lake varies greatly with time year by year. The area of the interglacial lake in this sea area also has great interannual variation, but the monthly variation of the total area decreases. The accumulative average area of interglacial lake in this area is 1.32 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2), in which the maximum area of interglacial lake is mainly in early April. There is a good correlation between the wind speed of offshore wind and the area of interglacial lake. When the offshore wind increases, the area increases, the wind speed decreases a little, and the area decreases. Thirdly, the characteristics and structural evolution of the upper layer in the Prydz Bay in winter. It can be divided into three stages: from stratification to homogenization, the subsurface seawater still maintains the warm water characteristic, with the cooling of the surface water, the vertical convection mixing is strengthened, the subsurface warm water gradually disappears; During the process of sea water freezing and salt evolution, the salinity of the upper sea water increases, the vertical convection increases, and the salinity of the upper and lower layers reaches uniformity. The sea temperature is close to freezing point. Fourth, the variation of ocean heat content and sea-air exchange in the Interglacial Lake area of Prydz Bay in winter. Based on the temperature and salt profile data of seal CTD in the Interglacial Lake region of Prydz Bay, the variation rates of marine heat content in the three stages of water structure evolution in 2011 are -90.93 Wm ~ (-2) -82.20 W ~ (-2) ~ (-2) -43.44 W ~ (-1) ~ (-2) and the mean heat content change in the third stage of 2012, respectively. The rate of sea ice formation is -47.40 W / m ~ (-2). The estimated rate of sea ice formation in the three stages of 2011 is 5.4 cm ~ (-1) ~ (-4) cm ~ (-1) ~ (-) ~ (4.9) cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 2.5 cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1), compared with the average of 5.14 cm ~ (-1) in the third stage of 2012, and the wind speed 2m temperature of the ERA-Interim reanalysis data product is calculated by the European Centre of Meteorology (ECM). The correlation analysis of heat flux data shows that the sea ice formation rate is positively correlated with the offshore wind speed, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux, and negatively correlated with 2m air temperature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P731.15

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號：2099369