本文選題：正滲透膜 + 親水性��； 參考：《濟南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：醋酸纖維素（CA）是一種非常易得的人造纖維，并且它還是一種成本低，，耐高溫、化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、機械性能強的膜材料，但由于該材料易降解，抗污染性較差，阻礙了其在海水淡化的進一步應(yīng)用。本論文選用了醋酸纖維素為膜材料制備了正滲透膜，并以氧化石墨烯、納米二氧化鈦作為改性劑，采用共混改性的方法對正滲透膜進行改性，考察了正滲透膜的純水通量、表面接觸角以及膜的表面和斷面結(jié)構(gòu)，并對制備的正滲透膜進行了海水淡化測試。 本論文首先考察了CA含量、溶劑比例、添加劑含量、支撐層的目數(shù)以及凝固浴溫度對正滲透膜的純水通量和反向鹽通量的影響，確定了醋酸纖維素正滲透膜的最佳工藝參數(shù)：醋酸纖維素的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為16%，DMF與丙酮的體積比為1:0.6，添加劑PEG400的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為4%，在120目的聚酯篩網(wǎng)上刮膜，凝固浴溫度為60℃。利用1M NaCl作為驅(qū)動液，去離子水作為原料液，在1h的測試時間里，所制備的醋酸纖維素正滲透膜的純水通量為15L/m2·h以上，反向鹽通量控制在在7.5g/m2·h以下。 在最佳制膜工藝的基礎(chǔ)上，加入了制備的氧化石墨烯，考察了氧化石墨烯的含量、共混溫度對膜性能的影響。得到以下結(jié)論：氧化石墨烯（GO）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.15%，共混溫度為50℃時，所制備的氧化石墨烯/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的性能最佳。利用1MNaCl作為驅(qū)動液，去離子水作為原料液，在1h的測試時間里，所制備的膜的純水通量達到16L/m2·h以上，反向鹽通量控制在7g/m2·h以下。 合成了混晶型的納米二氧化鈦，考察了納米二氧化鈦的含量、共混溫度對改性膜性能的影響。得到以下結(jié)論：納米二氧化鈦（TiO2）的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1.25%，共混溫度為60℃時，所制備的納米二氧化鈦/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的性能最佳。利用1M NaCl作為驅(qū)動液，去離子水作為原料液，在1h的測試時間里，所制備的膜的純水通量達到10L/m2·h以上，反向鹽通量控制在5g/m2·h以下。 利用接觸角測試儀對所制備的正滲透膜進行耐污染性測試：醋酸纖維素正滲透膜的接觸角為71.6°，具有一定的親水性；氧化石墨烯/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的接觸角為58.2°，親水性優(yōu)于醋酸纖維素正滲透膜；納米二氧化鈦/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的接觸角為54.2°，在所制備的三種正滲透膜中親水性最好。可以看出添加了改性劑后，增強了正滲透膜的親水性。在改性過程中，納米二氧化鈦的親水性好于氧化石墨烯。 最后對所制備的正滲透膜進行模擬海水淡化測試，得到以下結(jié)論：利用2M葡萄糖作為驅(qū)動液，渤海海水作為原料液，在1h的測試時間里，醋酸纖維素正滲透膜的純水通量整體變化不大，基本穩(wěn)定在20L/m2·h；氧化石墨烯/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的純水通量一開始比較大，大約在30L/m2·h左右，但隨著時間持續(xù)下降，最后階段基本與改性前膜的純水通量持平；納米二氧化鈦/醋酸纖維素共混正滲透膜的純水通量整體比較穩(wěn)定，基本穩(wěn)定在25L/m2·h左右。
[Abstract]:Cellulose acetate (CA) is a very easy synthetic fiber, and it is a membrane material with low cost, high temperature resistance, stable chemical properties and strong mechanical properties. However, because of its easy degradation and poor anti pollution, it hinders its further application in seawater desalination. This paper has selected cellulose acetate as a membrane material to prepare positive infiltration. The permeable membrane was permeable with graphene oxide and nano titanium dioxide as modifier. The positive permeable membrane was modified by blending modification method. The pure water flux, surface contact angle and surface and section structure of the membrane were investigated, and the sea water desalination test was carried out for the prepared permeable membrane.
In this paper, the effects of the content of CA, the proportion of solvent, the content of the additive, the number of the support layer and the temperature of the support layer on the pure water flux and the reverse salt flux of the positive permeable membrane were investigated. The optimum process parameters of the cellulose acetate membrane were determined: the mass fraction of cellulose acetate was 16%, the volume ratio of DMF to acetone was 1:0.6, and the additive P The mass fraction of EG400 was 4%. The temperature of the coagulation bath was 60 C on the 120 polyester screen, and the solidification bath temperature was 60. 1M NaCl was used as the driving liquid and the deionized water was used as the raw material. In the testing time of 1H, the pure water flux of the prepared cellulose acetate permeation membrane was above 15L/m2. H, and the reverse salt flux was controlled below 7.5g/m2 H.
On the basis of the best film making process, the prepared graphene oxide was added, and the influence of the content of graphene oxide and the blending temperature on the performance of the film was investigated. The following conclusion was drawn: the properties of the prepared oxygen fossil / cellulose acetate / cellulose acetate blend membrane were the best when the mass fraction of GO was 0.15% and the blending temperature was 50. 1MNaCl is used as the driving fluid and deionized water is used as the raw material. In the testing time of 1H, the pure water flux of the prepared membrane is above 16L/m2. H, and the reverse salt flux is controlled below 7g/m2. H.
The mixed crystalline nano titanium dioxide was synthesized. The influence of the content of nano titanium dioxide and the blending temperature on the properties of the modified membrane was investigated. The following conclusions were obtained: the nano TiO 2 (TiO2) was 1.25% and the blending temperature was 60. The nano titanium dioxide / cellulose acetate blend membrane was the best. The use of 1M NaCl is used as the driving fluid and deionized water is used as the raw material. In the testing time of 1H, the pure water flux of the prepared membrane is above 10L/m2. H, and the reverse salt flux is controlled below 5g/m2. H.
The contact angle of the contact angle tester is used to test the resistance of the prepared permeable membrane: the contact angle of the acetate cellulose positive osmosis membrane is 71.6 degrees, and it has a certain hydrophilic property. The contact angle of the blend membrane of graphene oxide / cellulose acetate is 58.2 degrees, the hydrophilicity is superior to the fibrinosine acetate membrane, and the nanometer titanium dioxide / acetate fiber. The contact angle of the VD blend membrane is 54.2 degrees, and the hydrophilicity of the three kinds of positive permeable membranes is the best. It can be seen that the hydrophilicity of the positive permeable membrane is enhanced after the addition of the modifier.
Finally, the simulated seawater desalination test was carried out. The following conclusion was obtained: using 2M glucose as the driving fluid and Bohai sea water as the raw material, the pure water flux of the cellulose acetate positive permeable membrane changed little in the testing time of 1H, which was basically stable at 20L/m2. H, and the blending of graphene oxide / cellulose acetate was positive. The pure water flux of the permeable membrane is relatively large at the beginning, about 30L/m2 H. But with the continuous decline of time, the final phase is basically the same as the pure water flux in the modified membrane; the pure water flux of the nano titanium dioxide / cellulose acetate blend membrane is stable and stable at about 25L/m2. H.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P747

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