本文選題：河北省 + 海洋環(huán)境污染��； 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于人類經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的高速發(fā)展，人口規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大，加劇了陸地資源和空間的消耗，陸地作為人類生存和發(fā)展的第一空間的主體功能地位在逐漸下降。而海洋憑借其廣闊的面積和豐富的資源正被人類所廣泛重視，海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入蓬勃發(fā)展期，全球進(jìn)入海洋時(shí)代。然而在開發(fā)利用海洋的過程中，，人類活動(dòng)也對海洋生態(tài)平衡造成影響，導(dǎo)致海洋環(huán)境污染的日益嚴(yán)重。我國海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，沿海三大海區(qū)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)對全國經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)總值的貢獻(xiàn)率接近百分之十，是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要拉動(dòng)力量。然而在海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不斷攀升的同時(shí)，海洋環(huán)境污染問題卻愈演愈烈。其中尤以渤海海域的海洋環(huán)境污染問題最為嚴(yán)重。渤海海域的環(huán)境污染問題一方面是由于其半封閉內(nèi)海的特點(diǎn)造成的，一方面是沿海污染物大量排放的后果。在環(huán)渤海地區(qū)的省市中，河北省的海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)總量位列該海區(qū)末位，但所屬海域環(huán)境污染狀況卻在環(huán)渤海省市中較為嚴(yán)重。河北省海洋環(huán)境污染問題已經(jīng)對當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的污染效應(yīng)，黨和國家也非常重視環(huán)渤海海域的海洋環(huán)境問題，因此制定河北省海洋環(huán)境污染防治措施具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文將在研究總結(jié)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，立足海洋環(huán)境科學(xué)理論、海洋管理學(xué)理論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，調(diào)查河北省海洋環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)狀。分析造成河北省海洋環(huán)境污染的來源、污染的特點(diǎn)、造成該省海洋環(huán)境污染的因素。并在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合河北省海洋環(huán)境污染狀況和專家學(xué)者研究成果，選取導(dǎo)致河北省海洋環(huán)境污染的指標(biāo)，從定量的角度建立河北省海洋環(huán)境污染的機(jī)理模型。在選取指標(biāo)時(shí)由于指標(biāo)數(shù)量的繁多，為了找到重要因素與海洋環(huán)境污染之間的關(guān)系，采用主成分分析法，對各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行降維簡化處理。利用選取的主要因素建立河北省海洋環(huán)境污染機(jī)理模型。在通過海洋環(huán)境污染機(jī)理模型了解河北省海洋環(huán)境污染形成的機(jī)制后，尋找防治海洋環(huán)境污染的關(guān)鍵控制領(lǐng)域。最終，構(gòu)建出包括關(guān)鍵措施和配套措施相互配合協(xié)調(diào)的河北省海洋環(huán)境污染防治措施體系。 本文通過對河北省海洋環(huán)境污染機(jī)理及防治對策的研究，得出造成河北省海洋環(huán)境污染的關(guān)鍵因素在于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理和海洋科技實(shí)力薄弱。這也為制定該省海洋環(huán)境污染防治措施提供了重要啟示：要優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)展生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)；要大力發(fā)展海洋科技，提高海洋科技綜合實(shí)力。與此同時(shí)還需要來政府協(xié)調(diào)一致的組織管理、社會(huì)公眾的廣泛參與以及完善的海洋環(huán)境法律體系的保障。只有這樣，河北省海洋環(huán)境污染狀況才會(huì)得到有效控制，才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of human economy and society and the continuous expansion of population scale, the consumption of land resources and space has been aggravated, and the main function status of land as the first space for human survival and development has gradually declined. The ocean, with its vast area and abundant resources, is being widely valued by human beings. The marine economy has entered a period of vigorous development, and the whole world has entered an era of ocean. However, in the process of exploitation and utilization of the ocean, human activities also have an impact on the marine ecological balance, leading to the increasing pollution of the marine environment. China's marine economy is developing rapidly, and the contribution rate of marine economy in the three coastal areas to the national economic output value is close to 10%, which is the main driving force of China's economic growth. However, with the increasing of marine economy, the pollution of marine environment is becoming more and more serious. Especially in the Bohai Sea, the marine environment pollution is the most serious. The environmental pollution problem in Bohai Sea is caused by the characteristics of semi-enclosed inner sea and the consequence of a large amount of pollutants discharged from the coastal area on the other hand. Among the provinces and cities around the Bohai Sea, the total marine economy of Hebei Province ranks at the end of the sea area, but the environmental pollution of the sea area belongs to the Bohai Sea region is more serious in the provinces and cities around the Bohai Sea. The problem of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province has produced serious pollution effects on the local economy and society. The Party and the state also attach great importance to the marine environmental problems around the Bohai Sea. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to formulate marine environmental pollution prevention and control measures in Hebei Province. Based on the research and summarization of relevant literature, this paper will investigate the present situation of marine environment pollution in Hebei Province based on marine environmental science theory, marine management theory, sustainable development theory and circular economy theory. The sources and characteristics of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the factors causing marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province are analyzed. On this basis, combined with the situation of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the research results of experts and scholars, selected the indicators leading to marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province, and established the mechanism model of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province from a quantitative point of view. In order to find out the relationship between the important factors and marine environmental pollution, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify the dimensionality reduction of each index. The mechanism model of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province was established by using the selected main factors. After understanding the formation mechanism of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province through the mechanism model of marine environmental pollution, the key control fields of marine environmental pollution prevention and control are sought. Finally, the system of prevention and control measures of marine environment pollution in Hebei Province is constructed, which includes key measures and supporting measures. Based on the study of the mechanism of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the countermeasures to prevent and cure it, this paper concludes that the key factors of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province are the unreasonable industrial structure and the weak strength of marine science and technology. It also provides important enlightenment for formulating the prevention and control measures of marine environmental pollution in this province: optimizing the industrial structure and developing ecological economy, and vigorously developing marine science and technology to improve the comprehensive strength of marine science and technology. At the same time, it also needs the coordinated organization and management of the government, the extensive participation of the public and the protection of the perfect legal system of marine environment. Only in this way, the pollution of marine environment in Hebei Province can be effectively controlled and the coordinated and sustainable development of marine economy, society and marine ecological environment can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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