本文選題：黃河 + 徑流��； 參考：《魯東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：河口海岸地區(qū)是陸、海以及河流相互作用的地區(qū),該地區(qū)不僅發(fā)生著頻繁的自然變化,還在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的起著重要作用。黃河口地區(qū)的地理位置重要、自然環(huán)境獨(dú)特,并且資源豐富。隨著黃河三角洲的建設(shè)和發(fā)展被確立為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略,除化工能源等臨港經(jīng)濟(jì)的建設(shè),生態(tài)漁業(yè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)也是發(fā)展的重要部分。黃河注入渤海的大量淡水在河口區(qū)形成生物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的良好環(huán)境。但最近幾十年來(lái),在自然因素以及水庫(kù)建設(shè)、用水量增多等人為因素的影響下,黃河入海徑流量顯著減少,必將對(duì)黃河口附近海域乃至渤海的溫鹽場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生影響。因此,加強(qiáng)黃河入海徑流量對(duì)溫鹽場(chǎng)影響的研究,對(duì)合理利用黃河水、保護(hù)黃河三角洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境以及工程建設(shè)的科學(xué)規(guī)劃具有重要意義。本文綜述了黃河入海徑流量的研究進(jìn)展,系統(tǒng)分析了黃河1950—2015年長(zhǎng)期實(shí)測(cè)入海徑流量的年變化和月變化規(guī)律,闡述了徑流量變化對(duì)養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境和建筑環(huán)境的影響。分析表明,黃河入海水量呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),雖然近十幾年在國(guó)家對(duì)黃河水量統(tǒng)一調(diào)度下實(shí)現(xiàn)了十年不斷流且入海水量相比二十世紀(jì)九十年代有一定增幅,但入海徑流量總體下降的趨勢(shì)沒(méi)有變,黃河入海徑流處于并將長(zhǎng)期處于枯水期大背景的現(xiàn)狀沒(méi)有發(fā)生改變;入海徑流量的變化,導(dǎo)致溫鹽場(chǎng)分布發(fā)生變化,影響了適宜低鹽環(huán)境生存的生物的生存環(huán)境,加速了“鹽害”在沿海工程中的影響。數(shù)值實(shí)驗(yàn)部分,基于區(qū)域海洋模式系統(tǒng)ROMS,以徑流、風(fēng)場(chǎng)、地形等為影響因素,對(duì)渤海的溫鹽場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了模擬研究,重點(diǎn)對(duì)渤海典型斷面(37.5°N斷面和黃河口—遼東灣頂斷面)和黃河沖淡水(萊州灣低鹽區(qū))進(jìn)行了討論。研究結(jié)果表明,冬季溫鹽的垂向分布受風(fēng)場(chǎng)作用較為明顯,對(duì)徑流和地形變化并不敏感;夏季風(fēng)場(chǎng)減弱使得渤海中部淺灘上的暖水中幾乎消失,徑流減小使得斷面高低鹽區(qū)相間分布的特征消失且鹽度值升高,而地形發(fā)生變化則改變了夏季渤海斷面的溫鹽分布特征。萊州灣作為黃河入海徑流影響最為顯著的海域,由此形成的低鹽區(qū)不僅對(duì)漁業(yè)區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境有重要影響,還會(huì)影響海域結(jié)冰對(duì)沿海相關(guān)工程帶來(lái)影響。本文以27psu等鹽度線(xiàn)作為黃河沖淡水的主體范圍鹽度值,即低鹽區(qū)的范圍,對(duì)萊州灣低鹽區(qū)的年變化進(jìn)行了分析。研究結(jié)果表明,萊州灣內(nèi)鹽度基本呈現(xiàn)東高西低的分布態(tài)勢(shì),隨著入海水量的增多,沖淡水東北向和東南向的兩個(gè)擴(kuò)展方向得到了很好的體現(xiàn);萊州灣鹽度對(duì)黃河入海水量變化響應(yīng)較快,鹽度值隨入海徑流量變化而變化;當(dāng)萊州灣地形發(fā)生變化時(shí),低鹽區(qū)的范圍變小且鹽度有所升高。影響渤海溫鹽場(chǎng)分布特征的因素有很多,引起這種分布特征的機(jī)制需要進(jìn)一步研究,本文僅針對(duì)溫鹽場(chǎng)變化進(jìn)行分析,在以后研究中還需要結(jié)合渤海的流場(chǎng)特性進(jìn)行分析。此外,本文通過(guò)地形變化初步探討了對(duì)渤海溫鹽場(chǎng)和萊州灣低鹽區(qū)的影響,對(duì)于影響的機(jī)制還需進(jìn)一步探討。
[Abstract]:Estuarine and coastal areas are areas of land, sea and river interaction. The region not only has frequent natural changes, but also plays an important role in the social and economic construction. The geographical location of the Yellow River estuary is important, its natural environment is unique, and its resources are rich. With the construction and development of the the Yellow River Delta, it is established as a national strategy, Ecological fisheries and ecological environment construction are also an important part of the development of the ecological fishery and ecological environment construction. The large amount of fresh water injected into Bohai in the Yellow River has formed a good environment for biological growth and development in the estuary area. But in the last few decades, under the influence of factors such as natural factors, reservoir construction and increasing water consumption, the entry of the Yellow River into the sea Therefore, it is of great significance for the rational utilization of the Yellow River water, the protection of the ecological environment of the the Yellow River Delta and the scientific planning of the construction of the Bohai Delta, which is important to the study of the influence of the flow of the Yellow River into the sea. This paper summarizes the flow of the Yellow River into the sea. The research progress is made in this paper. The annual variation and monthly variation of the measured sea flow rate in the Yellow River from 1950 to 2015 are systematically analyzed. The influence of the change of runoff on the culture environment and the building environment is expounded. The analysis shows that the water flow in the Yellow River is gradually decreasing, although the state has realized the unified dispatching of the water in the Yellow River in the last decade. Compared with 1990s, there is a certain increase in the flow of water into the sea in the past ten years, but the trend of the overall decline in the flow of sea entry has not changed. The current situation of the runoff in the Yellow River is not changed, and the change of the flow of the sea to the sea leads to the change of the distribution of the temperature and salt field, which affects the suitable low salt environment. The living environment has accelerated the influence of the "salt damage" on the coastal engineering. In the numerical experiment part, based on the regional ocean model system ROMS, the temperature and salt fields in Bohai are simulated with runoff, wind field and terrain, and the typical section of Bohai (37.5 degree N section and the top section of the Huanghe Estuary of the Liaodong Bay) and the top section of the Huanghe Estuary are emphasized. The Yellow River fresh water (Laizhou Bay low salt area) has been discussed. The results show that the vertical distribution of the temperature and salt in winter is more obvious in the wind field and is not sensitive to the change of runoff and terrain, and the weakening of the wind field in summer makes the warm water of the Shoals in the middle of Bohai almost disappear, and the decrease of runoff makes the characteristics of the interphase distribution of the high and low salinity zone disappear and the characteristics of the cross section of the cross section disappear and the characteristics of the interphase distribution in the cross section disappear and the characteristics of the interphase distribution in the cross section disappear and are disappearing. The salinity is higher and the change of terrain changes the distribution of temperature and salt in the Bohai section in summer. Laizhou Bay is the most significant sea area which has the most significant influence on the runoff of the Yellow River into the sea. The resulting low salt region not only has an important influence on the ecological environment of the fishing area, but also affects the impact of the sea ice on the coastal related projects. This paper is based on 27psu and so on. As the main scope of salinity of the Yellow River fresh water, that is the range of the low salt area, the salinity line is analyzed for the annual change of the low salt area in the Laizhou Bay. The results show that the salinity in the Laizhou Bay is basically in the East High West low distribution situation. With the increase of the amount of water entering the sea, the two expansion directions that dilute the east to the East and the southeast are very good. The salinity of Laizhou Bay has a fast response to the changes in the water flow in the Yellow River, and the salinity varies with the flow of the sea to the sea. When the topography of the Laizhou Bay changes, the range of the low salt area is smaller and the salinity is increased. There are many factors affecting the distribution characteristics of the Bohai temperature and salt fields. This paper only analyzes the change of temperature and salt field, and needs to analyze the flow field characteristics of Bohai in the future research. In addition, the influence on the salt and salt fields of Bohai and Laizhou Bay is preliminarily discussed through the topography change, and the mechanism of the influence needs to be further discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P333.1;P731

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