本文選題：海水環(huán)境 + 質(zhì)量評價　； 參考：《廣西師范學院》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：茅尾海位于廣西欽州灣內(nèi)灣頂部,天然水質(zhì)優(yōu)良,漁業(yè)資源、海岸灘涂資源豐富。近年來,隨著茅尾海的大力開發(fā),周邊地區(qū)經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,圍填海工程等增加了海洋生態(tài)的壓力,粗放的圍海養(yǎng)殖如吊養(yǎng)大蠔、圍養(yǎng)經(jīng)濟魚種等造成了養(yǎng)殖面源污染,加上上游河流欽江和茅嶺江帶來的泥沙和污染物排入茅尾海,使茅尾海出現(xiàn)水動力減弱,海域不斷淤淺,海水渾濁,水質(zhì)下降等問題。因此,如何有效控制海水污染,緩解生態(tài)壓力,是保護海洋資源環(huán)境,實現(xiàn)海域合理開發(fā)使用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切需要。為了解茅尾海海水水質(zhì)狀況,掌握海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀及變化趨勢,評價海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量,本文利用2013、2014欽州市海洋局環(huán)境監(jiān)測預(yù)報中心監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)及相關(guān)經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù),采用單因子污染指數(shù)法,有機污染評價指數(shù)法等方法對海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量進行評價,在單項污染因子評價、海水水質(zhì)等級評價、海水有機污染狀況評價、海水富營養(yǎng)化評價等的基礎(chǔ)上進行海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評價,結(jié)果表明:1、茅尾�，F(xiàn)狀水體質(zhì)量較差,屬于重度污染海域,部分海域劣于國家四類標準,主要污染物為無機氮、磷酸鹽、和石油類。2、茅尾海海域海水無機氮和活性磷酸鹽濃度整體上處于較高水平,超標嚴重,尤以灣北部的河口區(qū)域為高值區(qū),此外COD的高值區(qū)也集中于灣北部的三條主要河流入海的河口區(qū)域。3、茅尾海海水富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)平均值為7.99,屬于重度富營養(yǎng),海水有機污染指數(shù)平均值為4.49,屬于中度污染。針對得出的主要污染因子,分析其污染物來源和主要污染因子空間分布特征,探究產(chǎn)生污染原因和潛在海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境風險,提出茅尾海未來海洋開發(fā)利用和保護中應(yīng)加強海洋環(huán)境管理和環(huán)境保護、控制入海的陸源污染物、監(jiān)控海洋工程的使用狀況、協(xié)調(diào)海水養(yǎng)殖與海水環(huán)境關(guān)系等相關(guān)建議,為茅尾海的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Maowei Sea is located at the top of Qinzhou Bay, Guangxi. In recent years, with the vigorous development of the Maowei Sea, the rapid economic development of the surrounding areas and the reclamation projects have increased the pressure on the marine ecology. Extensive aquiculture such as hoisting big oysters and farmed economic fish species has caused non-point source pollution. In addition, sediment and pollutants from the upper rivers of Qinjiang River and Maoling River are discharged into the Maowei Sea, which makes the water power weaken, the sea area continuously silt, the sea water turbid, and the water quality drop. Therefore, how to effectively control sea water pollution and relieve ecological pressure is an urgent need to protect marine resources and environment, to realize rational development and use of sea area and to achieve sustainable development. In order to understand the water quality of Maowei Sea, grasp the present situation and trend of seawater environmental quality, and evaluate the seawater environmental quality, this paper makes use of the monitoring data and related economic data of the Environmental Monitoring and forecasting Center of Qinzhou Oceanic Bureau of Qinzhou City in 20132014. The single factor pollution index method and organic pollution evaluation index method were used to evaluate the environmental quality of seawater. On the basis of eutrophication evaluation of seawater and so on, the comprehensive evaluation of seawater environmental quality was carried out. The results showed that the current water quality of Maowei Sea was poor, which belonged to the seriously polluted sea area, and some of the sea areas were inferior to the four national standards, and the main pollutants were inorganic nitrogen. The concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate in the sea water of Maowei Sea area are relatively high in the whole, which exceed the standard seriously, especially in the estuarine area of the northern bay as a high value area. In addition, the high value area of COD is also concentrated in the estuarine region of three main rivers in the northern part of the bay. The average value of eutrophication index in Maowei Sea is 7.99, which belongs to severe eutrophication, and the average value of organic pollution index of seawater is 4.49, which belongs to moderate pollution. According to the main pollution factors, the source of the pollutants and the spatial distribution characteristics of the main pollution factors are analyzed, and the causes of pollution and the potential risks of marine ecological environment are explored. It is suggested that marine environmental management and environmental protection should be strengthened in the future development, utilization and protection of Maowei Sea, the land source pollutants entering the sea should be controlled, the use of marine engineering should be monitored and the relationship between mariculture and marine environment should be coordinated, and so on. It provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of Maowei Sea.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X824;X55

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