本文選題：海面溢油 + 微波后向散射　； 參考：《電子科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,人們對能源的需求不斷增大,石油作為主要能源之一,同樣的,其需求也不斷增加,當陸地石油資源已經(jīng)不足以滿足這一需求時,人們將目標轉向浩瀚的海洋。在此背景下,海上石油開采大幅增加,同時海上運輸也不斷增多,這樣就造成了海面溢油事故的發(fā)生頻率越來越高,溢油量也呈現(xiàn)不斷增大的趨勢。海面溢油對于海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境、海洋經(jīng)濟活動等都會產(chǎn)生負面影響,而在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的大背景下,海面溢油是無法避免的,因此,及時發(fā)現(xiàn)海面溢油進而能夠及時采取應對溢油的措施成為人們關注的焦點,在此背景下,人們開始探索如何更好的監(jiān)測海洋溢油。目前監(jiān)測海面溢油多采用遙感手段,包括可見光遙感、紅外遙感、紫外遙感、激光熒光遙感、微波輻射計、雷達等。其中,微波遙感以其能穿透云霧、受天氣影響小、可全天候工作等優(yōu)勢在海面溢油監(jiān)測中得到越來越廣泛的應用。目前人們對微波遙感監(jiān)測海面溢油的機理性研究相較于微波遙感圖像研究偏少,但通過研究其機理,可以更好的應用于微波遙感圖像的分析,因此,對其機理的研究近些年來也受到學者越來越多的重視。微波遙感監(jiān)測海面是通過海面毛細重力波所造成的微波后向散射系數(shù)的不同而實現(xiàn)的,對于有油膜覆蓋的海洋表面,其毛細重力波會受到一定的阻尼從而產(chǎn)生衰減,這種衰減會造成微波后向散射系數(shù)的減小,微波遙感技術通過檢測這一變化,從而檢測海面是否有溢油。對于微波遙感監(jiān)測海面溢油的建模是一個系統(tǒng)的研究過程,首先要研究海洋知識,主要為對海浪譜的研究,通過這些海洋知識來研究在無油膜覆蓋狀態(tài)下海面的微波后向散射,建立散射模型,再通過研究油膜對于海面微波后向散射的影響,進而修改無油海面微波散射模型,實現(xiàn)溢油海面的微波后向散射建模。本文將鏡面、小擾動、二尺度微波散射模型應用到海面溢油微波后向散射模型的研究中,同時引入了實驗中所獲取的實測數(shù)據(jù),進行了對比與驗證。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing. As one of the main energy sources, the demand for oil is also increasing. When the land oil resources are not enough to meet this demand, People turned to the vast ocean. Under this background, the offshore oil production is increasing greatly, and the sea transportation is also increasing, so the frequency of the oil spill accidents on the sea surface is higher and higher, and the oil spill quantity is also showing a trend of increasing. Oil spills on the sea will have a negative impact on the marine ecological environment and marine economic activities. However, under the background of economic development, oil spills on the sea surface are unavoidable. It has become the focus of people to find oil spill on the sea in time and then take the measures to deal with oil spill in time. Under this background, people begin to explore how to monitor the oil spill better. At present, remote sensing is mostly used to monitor oil spill on the sea surface, including visible light remote sensing, infrared remote sensing, ultraviolet remote sensing, laser fluorescence remote sensing, microwave radiometer, radar and so on. Microwave remote sensing is more and more widely used in oil spill monitoring because of its advantages of penetrating clouds and fog, being less affected by weather, and being able to work all weather. At present, there is less research on mechanism of microwave remote sensing monitoring oil spill on the sea than on microwave remote sensing image, but by studying its mechanism, it can be applied to the analysis of microwave remote sensing image better. The study of its mechanism has been paid more and more attention by scholars in recent years. The microwave remote sensing monitoring of sea surface is realized by the difference of microwave backscattering coefficient caused by the capillary gravity wave of the sea surface. For the ocean surface covered by oil film, the capillary gravity wave will be damped to a certain extent. This attenuation results in a decrease in the backscattering coefficient of the microwave, which is detected by microwave remote sensing to detect whether there are oil spills on the sea surface. The modeling of ocean surface oil spill monitoring by microwave remote sensing is a systematic research process. Firstly, the ocean knowledge, mainly the wave spectrum, is studied to study the microwave backscattering of the sea surface under the condition of no oil film covering. The scattering model was established and the effect of oil film on the microwave backscattering of the sea surface was studied. Then the microwave backscattering model of the oil-free sea surface was modified to realize the microwave backscattering model of the oil spill surface. In this paper, the mirror, small disturbance and two scale microwave scattering models are applied to the study of the backscattering model of oil spills from the sea surface. At the same time, the measured data obtained from the experiments are introduced and compared and verified.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55;X87

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本文編號：2010119