本文選題：渤海 + 潮汐潮流　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文基于普林斯頓海洋動(dòng)力模式(POM),用數(shù)值模擬的方法研究了三維斜壓狀態(tài)下渤海潮汐和潮流的相關(guān)特征,在天文分潮模擬結(jié)果驗(yàn)證的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步探討了渤海的淺水分潮和潮能耗散等內(nèi)容,這對(duì)于深刻認(rèn)識(shí)渤海潮汐潮流的主要特征具有重要的理論意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文模型采用Arakawa C正交網(wǎng)格,以經(jīng)緯線劃分網(wǎng)格,研究區(qū)域渤海網(wǎng)格精度設(shè)置為1/30°,經(jīng)向和緯向網(wǎng)格數(shù)分別為116和139,垂直方向采用sigma坐標(biāo),設(shè)置10層。本文首先模擬了一個(gè)月的潮汐潮流,通過調(diào)和分析得到4個(gè)主要天文分潮的振幅和遲角,對(duì)比11個(gè)站點(diǎn)四個(gè)主要分潮的觀測值可以發(fā)現(xiàn),計(jì)算誤差值有正有負(fù),說明模擬結(jié)果不存在系統(tǒng)誤差。進(jìn)一步計(jì)算4個(gè)主要分潮振幅和遲角的均方根誤差得到:M2分潮振幅和遲角均方根誤差分別為11.82cm,10.43°;S2分潮振幅和遲角均方根誤差分別為5.23cm,12.74°;K1分潮振幅和遲角均方根誤差分別為6.40cm,9.63°;O1分潮振幅和遲角均方根誤差分別為4.27cm,9.64°。結(jié)合4個(gè)分潮的同潮圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn),模擬的結(jié)果與觀測吻合。至于誤差存在的原因主要有兩種可能:(1)本研究使用了較新的水深數(shù)據(jù),與較早的觀測結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較可能存在匹配上的問題;(2)觀測站點(diǎn)基本都在岸邊,而本文采用的正交網(wǎng)格在岸線附近會(huì)存在盲點(diǎn),插值的結(jié)果也可能造成誤差。另外,模擬所得M2分潮在秦皇島外海處及黃河口附近的無潮點(diǎn)相對(duì)遠(yuǎn)離岸邊,可能是導(dǎo)致M2分潮均方根誤差相對(duì)其它分潮略大的原因之一。本文模型結(jié)果還顯示:渤海大部分海域?yàn)椴徽?guī)半日潮型,渤海海峽及龍口東北部海域?yàn)檎?guī)半日潮型,半日分潮無潮點(diǎn)附近部分海域表現(xiàn)出全日潮類型。渤海最大可能潮差整體分布趨勢為近岸海域潮差相對(duì)較大,約為3m;而渤海中部海域潮差相對(duì)較小,約為2m。這與M2分潮的振幅分布趨勢一致,因?yàn)镸2分潮在渤海占主導(dǎo)地位,振幅的強(qiáng)弱直接決定了潮差的大小。對(duì)比海洋水文圖集給出的潮差分布,本研究的計(jì)算結(jié)果比較準(zhǔn)確,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了本文模型計(jì)算渤海潮汐結(jié)果的可靠性。模型結(jié)果同時(shí)顯示:渤海大部分海域表現(xiàn)為半日潮流類型,只有渤海海峽東南部海域及廟島列島海域表現(xiàn)為不正規(guī)全日潮流,煙臺(tái)養(yǎng)馬島為中心擴(kuò)散的小部分海域表現(xiàn)為正規(guī)全日潮流。最大可能潮流流速分布為老鐵山水道及其附近海域、渤海灣及老黃河口附近海域均為較強(qiáng)潮流區(qū),最大可能潮流流速超過150cm/s,大部分海域最大可能潮流流速均超過100cm/s。對(duì)三個(gè)海灣進(jìn)行對(duì)比,遼東灣最大可能潮流流速相對(duì)較大,渤海灣次之,萊州灣較小。此結(jié)果與其他學(xué)者的研究及海洋圖集的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,進(jìn)一步說明了本文模型計(jì)算渤海潮流結(jié)果的可靠性。在模型結(jié)果驗(yàn)證的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步探討了渤海海域M4,MS4和M6 3個(gè)淺水分潮,發(fā)現(xiàn)渤海M4和MS4潮波傳播特征類似,均存在5個(gè)潮波系統(tǒng),其中4個(gè)為逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),1個(gè)為順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),與前人的研究成果比較一致。此外,根據(jù)淺水分潮和產(chǎn)生淺水分潮的源分潮的關(guān)系式推算可得到MS4分潮的振幅和遲角,與直接通過調(diào)和分析得到的MS4分潮的振幅和遲角進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果也比較吻合。針對(duì)M6分潮在渤海的傳播特征進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn):本海域存在7個(gè)M6分潮無潮點(diǎn),其中4個(gè)為逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),3個(gè)為順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。計(jì)算結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn):3個(gè)淺水分潮都是在近岸淺水海域振幅相對(duì)較大,這顯然與淺水分潮的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制密切相關(guān)。最后探討了渤海四個(gè)分潮的潮能通量,其分布的共同特征為:遼東灣、萊州灣灣頂、及渤海海峽的東南部海域潮能通量量級(jí)非常小,均小于0.1kw/m,這與渤海中部海域、渤海灣及渤海海峽入口處,均大于10kw/m的潮能通量相比幾乎可以忽略,且與渤海4個(gè)分潮流的特征有極大關(guān)系,往復(fù)流與旋轉(zhuǎn)流對(duì)此分布有直接影響。同時(shí),底邊界的潮能耗散分布顯示,半日分潮M2的底邊界耗散值的大小比S2、K1分潮大一個(gè)量級(jí)左右,比O1分潮大兩個(gè)量級(jí)左右。半日分潮M2與S2均在遼東灣、渤海灣耗散較大,M2約為10-1w/m2,S2約為10-2w/m2,在半日分潮無潮點(diǎn)附近老黃河口處尤為明顯,在萊州灣耗散相對(duì)較小;全日分潮K1與O1在渤海中部、渤海海峽附近以及老鐵山一帶海域耗散較大,K1約為10-2w/m2,O1約為10-3w/m2,而在遼東灣、萊州灣及渤海灣的耗散相對(duì)較小。最終發(fā)現(xiàn)潮能耗散的大小與潮流流速的大小呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Based on the Princeton ocean dynamic model (POM), this paper studies the correlation characteristics of tidal and tidal currents in Bohai under three dimensional baroclinic state by numerical simulation. Based on the verification of the results of the astronomical tidal simulation, it further discusses the content of shallow water and tidal energy dissipation in Bohai, which is the main characteristic of the profound understanding of the tidal currents in Bohai. The model is of important theoretical significance and application value. This model uses Arakawa C orthogonal grid to divide grid with longitude and latitude. The grid precision of Bohai is set to 1/30 degrees, the number of meridional and zonal grid is 116 and 139 respectively, and sigma coordinates are used in vertical direction to set 10 layers. And analyze the amplitude and late angle of 4 major astronomical tides, and compare the observation values of four main tides at the 11 sites. The calculated error values are positive and negative, indicating that the simulation results do not have systematic errors. Further calculation of the root mean square error of the 4 main tidal amplitude and late angle is obtained: the M2 tidal amplitude and the late angle mean square root error respectively The error of 11.82cm, 10.43 degree, S2 tidal amplitude and late angle mean square root error are 5.23cm, 12.74 degree respectively, K1 tidal amplitude and late angle mean root error are 6.40cm, 9.63 degrees respectively, O1 tidal amplitude and late angle mean root error are 4.27cm, 9.64 degrees respectively. The simulation results are consistent with the observation. As for the original error, the original error exists. There are two main possibilities: (1) the new water depth data is used in this study, and the matching problems may exist in comparison with the earlier observation results. (2) the observation sites are basically on the shore, and the orthogonal grids in this paper will have blind spots near the shore line, and the results of the interpolation may also cause errors. In addition, the simulated M2 tide is in the same way. The non tidal points near the Qinhuangdao and the Huanghe Estuary are relatively far away from the shore, which may be one of the reasons that cause the root error of the M2 tides to be relatively large. The results of this model also show that most of the sea areas in Bohai are irregular semidiurnal, the Bohai Strait and the northeastern Longkou sea are the regular semidiurnal tide type, and the half day tide is no tide. The largest possible tidal range in the nearby sea area shows the largest possible tidal range in Bohai. The tidal range in the coastal waters is relatively large, about 3M, while the tidal range in the central Bohai is relatively small, about 2M., which is in accordance with the amplitude distribution trend of the M2 tide, because the M2 tide is dominant in Bohai, and the intensity of the amplitude determines the tidal range directly. Comparing the tidal distribution given by the oceanographic hydrological atlas, the results of this study are more accurate, and the reliability of the model calculation of Bohai tidal results is further verified. The results of the model show that most of the sea areas in Bohai are semi daily, only the southeast of Bohai sea gorge and the sea area of the Temple Island are not shown. The regular all day tidal current, the small part of the small sea area in the center of Yantai culture island is regular all day tidal current. The largest possible tidal current velocity distribution is the old iron mountain channel and its nearby sea area, the Bohai Bay and the old Huanghe Estuary are all strong tidal current areas, the maximum possible tidal flow velocity exceeds 150cm/s, the largest possible tidal current velocity in most sea area The three Bay is compared with 100cm/s.. The largest possible tidal flow velocity in Liaodong Bay is relatively large, the Bohai Bay is second and the Laizhou Bay is smaller. The results are compared with those of other scholars and the results of the ocean atlas, which further illustrates the reliability of the model calculation of the tidal current results in Bohai. 3 shallow water tides in Bohai sea area M4, MS4 and M6 are discussed. It is found that the tidal wave propagation characteristics of Bohai M4 and MS4 are similar, and there are 5 tidal wave systems, of which 4 are revolving counterclockwise and 1 are clockwise, which are in accordance with the previous research results. In addition, the relationship between the shallow water tide and the source tide of shallow water separation can be calculated to get M The amplitude and late angle of the S4 tide are compared with the amplitude and late angle of the MS4 tides obtained directly through harmonic analysis, and the results are also consistent. According to the analysis of the propagation characteristics of the M6 tide in Bohai, it is found that there are 7 M6 tide free tides in this sea area, of which 4 are revolving clockwise and 3 are clockwise. The calculation results also found 3 The shallow water tide is relatively large in the near shore shallow waters, which is obviously related to the mechanism of shallow water distribution. Finally, the tidal energy flux of the four sub tides in Bohai is discussed. The common characteristics of the tidal energy distribution are: Liaodong Bay, the top of the Gulf of Laizhou Bay, and the ocean tidal energy flux in the southeast of the Bohai Strait are very small, which are less than 0.1kw/m. The entrance of the central Bohai sea, the Bohai Bay and the Bohai Strait is almost negligible compared with the tidal energy flux of 10kw/m, and has a great relationship with the characteristics of the 4 sub currents in Bohai. The reciprocating and rotating flow has a direct impact on this distribution. At the same time, the dissipation distribution of the tidal energy in the bottom boundary shows that the dissipation value of the bottom boundary of the semidiurnal M2 is more than that of S. 2, the K1 tide is about one order of magnitude, which is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the O1 tide. The semidiurnal tide M2 and S2 are both in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay is dissipative, M2 is 10-1w/m2, S2 is 10-2w/m2, especially in the old Yellow River Estuary near the half diurnal tide no tide point, and the dissipation is relatively small in the Gulf of Laizhou; all day tide K1 and O1 are near the central Bohai and Bohai Strait. The dissipation of the sea area in the area of the old iron mountain area is larger, K1 is about 10-2w/m2, and O1 is about 10-3w/m2, while in Liaodong Bay, the dissipation of Laizhou Bay and Bohai Bay is relatively small. Finally, the size of tidal energy dissipation is positively correlated with the size of tidal current.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P731.23

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