本文選題：福建海岸 + 海岸侵蝕管理�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以海洋地球科學(xué)理論和災(zāi)害經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo)，結(jié)合現(xiàn)代綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法，應(yīng)用層次分析法、模糊集理論和地理信息技術(shù)等手段，在野外調(diào)查、文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研和專家咨詢的基礎(chǔ)上，將定性分析和定量運(yùn)算相結(jié)合，理論研究和實(shí)際應(yīng)用相結(jié)合，對(duì)構(gòu)建海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型進(jìn)行研究，主要取得了以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)： （1）考慮地質(zhì)環(huán)境因素和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，通過專家咨詢選取13個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)合成海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，建立了中國海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。這些指標(biāo)分別是易蝕性、岸線演化、平均波高、相對(duì)海平面變化、城鎮(zhèn)化水平、風(fēng)暴增水、潮差、人口密度、地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值、海域等別、地方財(cái)政收入、海岸防護(hù)能力和土地使用與土地覆被變化等。 （2）構(gòu)建了基于層次分析法和模糊集理論的海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型。確定了各個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，對(duì)于隱形侵蝕危險(xiǎn)性，易損性權(quán)重最大為0.5065，其次是岸線演化水平、平均波高、相對(duì)海平面變化，城鎮(zhèn)化水平貢獻(xiàn)最��；對(duì)于顯現(xiàn)侵蝕危險(xiǎn)性，易損性亦是貢獻(xiàn)最大，權(quán)重為0.6845，風(fēng)暴增水和潮差影響相對(duì)較�。粚�(duì)于暴露性，人口密度貢獻(xiàn)最大，，權(quán)重為0.6033，超過地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值和海域等別權(quán)重總和；海岸防護(hù)能力對(duì)綜合減災(zāi)能力最直接的影響，權(quán)重為0.5844，地方財(cái)政收入和土地使用/覆被變化所占比列相當(dāng)。通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)和對(duì)比，確定了模糊集理論的正態(tài)型隸屬函數(shù)，并作出隸屬函數(shù)圖像，解釋了隸屬度的意義。 （3）根據(jù)海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，參照同類合并和優(yōu)勢(shì)突出的原則，對(duì)福建省23個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)單元進(jìn)行海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)劃并編繪福建省海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)劃圖。福建省沿岸劃分成5級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)，即很低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)和很高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)；從北到南總共區(qū)劃出14個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)段，其中很低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)1段、低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)5段、中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)3段、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)3段、很高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)2段。結(jié)果表明，本文構(gòu)建的海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型能適用于福建海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)，海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū)劃結(jié)果能清楚地表達(dá)各個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)單元的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)差異。由分析討論可知，海岸侵蝕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)和區(qū)劃結(jié)果符合福建海岸侵蝕現(xiàn)狀并具有一定的預(yù)測(cè)和指導(dǎo)意義。 （4）根據(jù)我國海岸侵蝕類型，結(jié)合實(shí)地考察和理論論證采取不同的海岸侵蝕防護(hù)措施。砂礫質(zhì)海岸侵蝕應(yīng)以護(hù)灘工程為主，輔以護(hù)岸工程；軟巖海岸侵蝕以護(hù)岸工程防護(hù)為主；淤泥質(zhì)海岸侵蝕應(yīng)以護(hù)岸工程為主，輔以護(hù)灘工程；亞熱帶熱帶的生物海岸侵蝕則以適應(yīng)性工程適宜；海岸工程侵蝕是一類特殊的海岸侵蝕類型，對(duì)于這類海岸侵蝕應(yīng)以源頭治理為主，即要禁止不合理的海岸工程建設(shè)，同時(shí)對(duì)已存在工程造成的侵蝕加強(qiáng)防治。
[Abstract]:Guided by the theory of marine earth science and the theory of disaster economics, combined with modern comprehensive evaluation method, this paper applies analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy set theory and geographic information technology to investigate in the field. On the basis of literature investigation and expert consultation, this paper combines qualitative analysis with quantitative calculation, theoretical research and practical application to study the construction of coastal erosion risk assessment model. 1) considering geological environmental factors and social economic factors, 13 evaluation indexes were selected through expert consultation to synthesize coastal erosion risk, and the evaluation index system of coastal erosion risk in China was established. These indicators are erodibility, shoreline evolution, average wave height, relative sea level change, urbanization level, windsurges, tidal range, population density, regional GDP, sea area, etc., local revenue, etc. Coastal protection capacity and land use and land cover change, etc. (2) A model of coastal erosion risk assessment based on AHP and fuzzy set theory is established. The weight of each evaluation index is determined. For invisible erosion risk, vulnerability weight is the largest 0.5065, followed by shoreline evolution level, average wave height, relative sea level change, urbanization level contribution is the least. Vulnerability is also the biggest contribution, the weight is 0.6845, the impact of windburst and tidal range is relatively small, for exposure, the population density contribution is the largest, the weight is 0.6033, which exceeds the total weight of regional GDP and sea area. The most direct effect of coastal protection capacity on comprehensive disaster reduction capacity is 0.5844, and the ratio of local fiscal revenue and land use / cover change is equal. Through repeated experiments and comparisons, the normal membership function of fuzzy set theory is determined, and the image of membership function is made, and the significance of membership degree is explained. 3) according to the evaluation results of coastal erosion risk grade and referring to the principle of similar combination and superiority, the coastal erosion risk regionalization of 23 evaluation units in Fujian Province is carried out and the coastal erosion risk zoning map of Fujian Province is drawn up. The coast of Fujian Province is divided into Grade 5 risk areas, that is, very low risk areas, medium risk areas, high risk areas and very high risk areas. A total of 14 risk zones are zoned from the north to the south, of which 1 is the very low risk area and 5 is the low risk area. Middle risk area 3, high risk area 3, very high risk area 2. The results show that the coastal erosion risk assessment model constructed in this paper can be used to evaluate the coastal erosion risk in Fujian Province, and the results of coastal erosion risk zoning can clearly express the risk differences of each evaluation unit. From the analysis and discussion, it can be seen that the grade of coastal erosion risk and the result of regionalization accord with the present situation of coastal erosion in Fujian Province and have certain prediction and guiding significance. 4) according to the types of coastal erosion in China, combined with field investigation and theoretical demonstration, different coastal erosion protection measures are adopted. Sand and gravel coastal erosion should be dominated by beach protection works, supplemented by bank protection works, coastal erosion of soft rock should be mainly protected by bank protection works, and silt coast erosion should be mainly bank revetment works, supplemented by beach protection works. Coastal engineering erosion is a special type of coastal erosion. For this kind of coastal erosion, it should be controlled mainly by source, that is to say, it is necessary to prohibit unreasonable coastal engineering construction. At the same time, the erosion caused by existing projects should be prevented.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P737.1

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